2019年南京市饮用水重金属健康风险评估

目的 评价南京市饮用水中重金属的健康风险及其空间分布特征。方法 2019年1-3月对南京市207份饮用水样品中5种重金属（As、Cd、Cr6+、Pb和Hg）进行检测，采用美国国家环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的环境健康风险评价模型对重金属通过不同途径（饮水和皮肤接触）在不同人群（儿童、成年男性、成年女性）中所引起的健康风险做出评价，并应用地理信息系统（GIS）对风险的空间分布进行探索。结果 南京市饮用水中5种重金属含量均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）的要求；其致癌风险顺序为儿童>成年男性>成年女性，风险较高的地区为雨花台区、浦口区、建邺区、秦淮区和鼓楼区；非致癌风险顺序为儿童>成年男性>成年女性，各金属的风险值Pb>As>Cr6+>Cd>Hg。结论 南京市饮用水中5种重金属的致癌风险和非致癌风险均在EPA推荐的人群可接受风险值范围内，但部分地区儿童致癌风险值超过了国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平范围（5×10-5），As和Pb为南京市饮用水健康风险的主要风险因子，应在饮水风险管理中优先关注。

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water,Nanjing, 2019

To understand the distribution of heavy metals and their potential health risks of drinking water in Nanjing City. Methods A total of 207 samples were collected in January, February and March 2019 in Nanjing City. The concentrations of five heavy metals(As, Cd, Cr6+, Pb and Hg) were determined. And the risk assessment was analyzed using the model recommended by US EPA. GIS was used to explore the spatial distribution of the risk. Results The heavy metal contents in drinking water in Nanjing are all within the scope of the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749-2006). The order of carcinogenic risk was children > adult males > adult females, and the higher risk areas were Yuhuatai District, Pukou District, Jianye District, Qinhuai District and Gulou District. The order of non-carcinogenic risk values was children > adult males > adult females, and the non-carcinogenic risk abilities of heavy metals were Pb>As>Cr6+>Cd>Hg. Conclusion The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in drinking water in Nanjing City are within the range of acceptable risk value recommended by EPA, but the carcinogenic risk value of children in some areas exceeds the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by ICRP(5 x10-5). As and Pb are the main causes of health risks in drinking water, which should be paid more attention to.