女性生殖道畸形与子宫内膜异位症

女性生殖道畸形的发生是由于性染色体异常或胚胎在发育过程中出现发育停滞或发育异常所致,主要包括阴道和子宫的畸形,常合并有泌尿系统的异常.无孔处女膜、阴道闭锁、阴道横隔等梗阻性生殖道畸形患者由于经血外流受阻,增加了子宫内膜逆流入盆腔种植的机会,发生子宫内膜异住症的几率明显增高.但也不乏残角子宫、单角子宫以及子宫中隔等非梗阻性生殖道畸形发生子宫内膜异位症的报道,其主要发病机制也是经血逆流.生殖道畸形综合征并发子宫内膜异位症的发病机制可能与体腔上皮化生有关.

Relationship between anomalies of female genital tract and endometriosis

Congenital anomalies of genital tract are caused by sex chromosome abnormality or abnormal embryonic development or embryonic development arrest.They mainly include vaginal and uterine malformations and often are concurrent with anomalies in urinary system.The women with obstructive anomalies of genital tract such as imperforate hymen,transverse vaginal septum and vagina atresia and so on are apt to suffer from endometriosis because outflow of menses is blocked and the menses reflex into the pelvic cavity,the endometria in it implant elsewhere.However,there are many reports of endometriosis related to non-obstructive anomalies such as rudimentary horn of uterus,uterus unicornis,in which countercurrent of menses is still an important contributing factor. Endometriosis of those women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome may be associated with coelomic epithelization.