557例住院药疹临床分析

目的:探讨药疹的致病因素、临床特点和防治方法。方法:对1996年1月～2005年12月我院皮肤科557例住院药疹患者的临床资料进行归类分析。结果:557例药疹患者占同期皮肤科住院患者的20.38%,用药原因以呼吸系统疾病最常见,既往有过敏史者27.29%。单一用药52.78%,合并用药47.22%。致敏药物有30余种,排名前5位的药物分别为破伤风抗毒素、阿莫西林、青霉素、别嘌醇、卡马西平。导致重症药疹的药物主要为卡马西平、别嘌醇、复方氨基比林。皮疹类型以麻疹样皮疹最多见,其他依次为荨麻疹,大疱性表皮松解症。痊愈500例(89.77%),死亡5例(0.89%)。结论:近10年来,药疹的发病率呈上升趋势,主要致敏药物是抗菌药、生物制品和解热镇痛药,肝脏损害是最常见的并发症。

Clinical Review of 557 Inpatients with Drug Eruption

Objective:To analyze the sensitizing drugs and the eruption types and their relationship,and to in- vestigate the clinical symptoms and therapy of 557 inpatients with drug eruptions.Method:Inpatients who developed drug eruptions from Jan.1996 to Dec.2005 were investigated.Result:Inpatients who developed drug eruptions accounted for 20.38% of patients in dermatologists.Most patients took drugs in the treatment of respiratory diseases.The percentage of patients with drug allergic history was 27.29%.The percentage of patients in the single use of a single drug was 52.78%, and that in the combined use was 47.22%.The first five drugs of more than 30 types of drugs were tetanus anti-toxin, amoxicillin,penicillin,allopurinol and carbamazepine and the others leading to scale eruption were mainly carbamazepine and allopurinol.The most common drug eruptions were morbilliform eruptions,urticaria and bullous epidermal necrulysis. Five hundred cases were cured and the eurative rate was 89.77%.Five cases died and the mortality rate was 0.89%.Con- clusion:In the past ten years,the main causative drugs were antibiotics,biological preparations and antipyretic-analgesia. The most common complication was liver dysfunction.