饮水高含砷地区新生儿畸形的调查分析

目的 探讨饮水高含砷地区新生儿畸形发生率水平及特点.方法 采用横断面调查方法,对饮水高含砷地区1998-2004年7年间的新生儿出生情况进行调查,畸形诊断分类以国际疾病分类为基础(ICD-10),参考我国常规监测的先天畸形分类诊断,确定了6类24种先天畸形分类软件.结果 本次共调查新生儿2467例,发现新生儿畸形49例,检出率为198.62/万;饮水高含砷地区新生儿畸形率明显高于一般人群;检出类型中按照系统划分依次为中枢神经系统畸形、肢体畸形、先天性心脏病.结论 饮水高含砷地区新生儿的畸形发生率高于一般人群.

Investigation and analysis of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas

OBJECTIVE: To explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure. METHODS: The birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china. The population of Shanyin County served as the common people and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 for windows. RESULTS: The neonates surveyed were 2467 cases. There were 49 neonates deformity found in this investigation, giving a neonate deformity rate of 198.62 per 10,000 cases, which was shown significantly higher in water arsenic exposure areas than in the normal (U = 3.23, P < 0.01), with types of nervous system deformity, limbs deformity and congenital heart disease as in system classification. There was no significant difference of deformity rate in different sex neonates (chi2 = 0.32, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The drinking high-arsenic water over a long period of time should be a risk factor of neonate deformity. Prevention and treatment of endemic arsenic exposure should be urgently needed.