特殊毁损性创面的修复与重建

目的报道特殊毁损性创面的修复与重建.方法1993年1月～2000年12月收治147例患者的毁损性创面175处,其中电烧伤96例,热压伤18例,一氧化碳中毒昏迷、癫痫发作等原因烧伤18例,药物渗漏、创面感染致深部组织坏死6例,放射性烧伤3例,化学烧伤2例,爆炸伤2例,冻伤2例.175处毁损性创面应用局部皮瓣,前臂逆行岛状皮瓣,胸大肌皮瓣,胸三角皮瓣,背阔肌皮瓣,腓肠肌肌皮瓣,胫前、胫后动脉岛状皮瓣等修复.创面缺损范围1cm×1cm～20cm×28cm,皮瓣最大22cm×30cm,最小1.5cm×2.0cm,同时行去细胞异体肌腱移植,修复缺损肌腱7例.结果169个皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;6个皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经切除坏死痂皮植皮愈合;7例去细胞异体肌腱移植全部成活.28例经4个月～8年随访,功能、外形均满意.结论根据毁损性创面部位、范围和程度,选择不同类型的皮瓣进行修复和去细胞异体肌腱移植,是恢复功能、改善患者生活质量的理想方法.

REPAIR AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MASSIVELY DAMAGED WOUNDS

OBJECTIVE: To report repair and reconstruction of massively damaged wound under unusual condition. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven patients with deep tissue defects were admitted from January 1993 to December 2000, among them, 96 cases suffered from electrical injury, 18 cases with hot press injury, 18 cases with deep burns as a result of CO poisoning or epileptic seizure, 6 cases caused by chemical producing necrosis and wound infection, 3 cases with radiation injuries, 2 cases with chemical burn, 2 cases with explosive injury, 2 cases with frostbite. One hundred and seventy five wounds in 147 patients were repaired by transfer of local flap, forearm conversal island skin flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, delto-pectoral skin flap, latissimus dorsi skin flap, gastroecnemius myocutaneous flap, anterior and posterior tibial artery island skin flap, and so on. The wound defect ranged from 1 cm x 1 cm to 20 cm x 28 cm, and the flaps were 1.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 22 cm x 30 cm. The necrotic tendon was replaced with acellular allogenic tendon simultaneously in 7 cases. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine flaps were survival with first intention, while necrosis of the tip of flap occurred in 6 cases. The transplantation of acellular allogenic tendon in all cases were survival. The function and configuration in 28 cases were satisfactory after 4 months to 8 years follow-up. CONCLUSION: Various types of flaps are choosen according to the position, defect range and degree of wound, which is an ideal method to restore the function and to improve patients' living condition.