新疆塔什库尔干地区高原新生儿染色体畸变观察

目的：了解高原低氧分压对新生儿染色体畸变的影响。方法：收集新生儿脐带血（高原１６例，对照组５０例）常规培养、制片、Ｇ式显带、计数观察。结果：（１）高原组１６例新生儿中，染色体结构发生改变１０例，占６２５％，明显高于对照组１６０％（８／５０）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）高原组新生儿染色体计数观察１５９４个，发生畸变８３个，占５２０７％；对照组共计数观察５００２个，发生畸变９４个，占１８７９％，两组比较有极高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）高原组新生儿染色体结构异常占２１３３％（３４／１５９４），其中内复制６个，双微体１４个，碎片断１０个，着丝粒爆开１个，断裂或增加３个，明显高于对照组０４２％（２１／５００２）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（４）高原新生儿染色体数目异常占３０７％（４９／１５９４），明显高于对照组１４５９％（７３／５００２）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：高原新生儿染色体畸变率增加可能与高原低氧分压有关。

Observation on chromosome aberration of neonate at high altitude.

Objective:To study the impact of hypoxia on neonatal chromosome aberration in high altitude.Methods:Culture of routine and counting,observating on 66 cases of neonatal cordblood(16 cases in high altitude,20 cases in Kashigar and the other 30 in Xian).Results:(1) The changes chromosome structure occured rate were 62.5%(10/16) of the neonate in high altitude,significantly higher than contrast 16.0%(8/50)(P<0.01).(2)The chromosome of the 16 cultures counted 1594 and 83 of them aberrated,with an aberration rate of 5.207%,significantly higher than contrast were 1.879%(94/5002)(P<0.01).(3)34 of the 1594 chromosomes have abnomal structure at high altitude rating 2.133%.Among them there are 6 endoreduplications,14 minute bodies,10 fragment,1 centric burst and 3 part deletion and insertion,also higher than that of contrast 0.42%(21/5002)(P<0.01).(4)The changes of chromosome's number were 3.07(49/1594) at high altitude,significantly higher than that contrast 1.459%(73/5002)(P<0.01).Conclusions:The higher chromosome aberration rate of high altitude neonatal may be caused by hypoxia.