小学生家长对子女的精神暴力及其影响因素分析

目的 了解小学生家长对其子女精神暴力行为的发生情况,并探讨精神暴力行为的影响因素。方法 对中国东北地区某城市2所小学1 164名1~6年级小学生家长采用自填式不记名问卷调查,了解其在最近3个月内对子女施加精神暴力状况,利用logistic回归方法分析相关影响因素。结果 1 164名小学生家长中有78.1%报告在最近3个月内曾对子女施加过精神暴力。父母对男童施加精神暴力的比例明显高于对女童(81.3% vs.74.7%,P<0.01)。多变量logistic回归分析显示,男童(OR=1.684)、母亲(OR=1.640)、家长童年期有被父母精神暴力伤害经历(OR=2.064)、家长对体罚儿童持容忍或赞成态度(OR=2.618)、对儿童精神暴力伤害认识不足(OR=1.666)、家庭经济状况差(OR=1.745)是小学生父母对子女施加精神暴力的危险因素。结论 调查对象中父母对子女施加精神暴力的现象非常普遍。社会应重视家长对儿童的精神暴力问题,提高对其危害的认识。

Prevalence and influencing factors on psychological violence from parents to child

Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological violence against children by parents and to explore possible influencing factors.Methods In two primary schools from a city, located in the northeast part of China, 1 164 parents of the pupils from grade 1 to 6, were anonymously surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire, to analyze the situation of psychological violence and influencing factors.Results Of the 1 164 parents, 78.1% reported that they practised psychological violence towards their children.Compared with girls, boys were more psychologically maltreated by their parents(81.3% vs.74.7%, P<0.01).Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that following factors increased the risk of psychological violence against children:child being male(OR=1.684);initiated by the mother(OR=1.640), parents experiences of psychologically violent victimization(OR=2.064) during their childhood, supportive or tolerant attitudes towards corporal punishment(OR=2.618) from the parents, low awareness of the harmfulness of psychological violence against children(OR=1.666) of the parents, and lower social economic status(OR=1.745) of the family, etc.Conclusion Psychological violence experienced by the parents appeared very common.Prevention programs on psychological violence should be strengthened to increase the awareness of parents on this serious problem.