中国传染病防治70年成效显著

新中国成立之初，我国的天花、鼠疫、霍乱、痢疾、伤寒、麻疹、白喉、百日咳、流脑、腮腺炎、血吸虫、黑热病、出血热、钩体病、乙脑、斑疹伤寒、疟疾、黑热病、麻风、猩红热、红眼病等传染病肆虐，严重危害人民群众的健康。70年来，我国政府高度重视传染病防治，陆续出台一系列方针政策和法律法规，组织全国力量进行传染病防治，取得了举世瞩目的成就。传染病大规模的暴发、流行已经非常少见，大多数法定管理传染病发病和死亡水平迅速下降，已较长时期维持在低水平。天花被消灭，脊灰、丝虫病、麻风病、新生儿破伤风陆续被消除。麻疹、白喉、百日咳、流脑、乙脑、甲肝、腮腺炎、风疹、结核病等疫苗针对疾病发病均大幅减少并维持在极低水平。儿童乙肝感染和发病明显下降，到达控制阶段性目标。霍乱、痢疾、伤寒等肠道传染病，钩体病、血吸虫病等自然医源性传染病，斑疹伤寒、疟疾、黑热病等虫媒传染病发病降至历史最低，有的接近消除水平。传染病死亡在死因顺位中从第一位降到第十位，传染病防治的成效对提高中国人民的健康水平和期望寿命贡献巨大。

Dramatic achievements in infectious disease prevention and treatment in China during the past 70 years

At the beginning of the founding of People''s Republic of China, infectious diseases, such as smallpox, plague, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, mumps, schistosomiasis, Kala Azar, hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, encephalitis B, typhus, malaria, Kala Azar, leprosy, scarlet fever and pinkeye, remained as epidemic in the country and endangered people''s health. During the past 70 years, the Chinese government spent huge efforts in infectious disease prevention and treatment by promulgating and implementing series of relative policies, laws and strategies, and also encouraged all Chinese people to participate in. The achievements of these efforts in controlling infectious disease epidemic were extremely successful. Today, the outbreaks and epidemic of infectious diseases in China were rarely happened with the rapid decreases in incidence and mortality rates of all notifiable infectious diseases. Smallpox was eradicated, and polio, filariasis, leprosy and neonatal tetanus were nearly eradicated. In addition, the incidence rates of vaccine-preventable diseases, i.e. measles, diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, encephalitis B, hepatitis A, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, were dramatically decreased and remained at relatively low levels for years. The incidence and prevalence rates of hepatitis B infection in Children decreased significantly and reached the phase objectives. Moreover, incidence rates of natural iatrogenic infectious diseases, i.e. diarrhea, typhoid and other intestinal infectious diseases, leptospirosis and schistosomiasis, and vectorborne diseases, i.e. typhus, malaria, Kala Azar, reached the lowest and some even closed to be eliminated in China. In general, infectious diseases dropped to the tenth from the top one leading cause of all deaths, which means that the achievement of Chinese infectious disease prevention and treatment strategies contributed tremendously in improving Chinese people''s health status and life expectancy.