海南省百岁老人日常生活活动能力现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解海南省百岁老人日常生活活动能力现状及其主要影响因素。方法 2014年6月至2016年12月采用全样本横断面调查法，对海南省18个市（县）百岁老人进行入户调查，采集一般情况、日常生活活动能力（ADL）以及老年贫血和维生素D缺乏情况。对上述变量进行统计描述、单因素和多因素logistic分析。结果 共计分析804例百岁老人，其中ADL功能正常者221例（27.5%），ADL轻度损失和失能者分别为393例（48.9%）和190例（23.6%）。主要ADL损失项目为爬楼梯（79.0%）、转移（59.1%）、平地行走50 m（44.3%）和如厕（41.3%）；多因素logistic回归表明，百岁老年人群有饮茶习惯、视力听力良好可能是ADL的保护因素，而低文化程度、维生素D缺乏可能是发生ADL损失的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 海南省百岁老人ADL损失较高，文化程度、饮茶习惯、听力、视力和维生素D水平可能是ADL损失的主要危险因素。

Status of daily life activities and respective risk factors among centenarian population in Hainan province

Objective To investigate the Activity of Daily life (ADL) among individuals aged 100 and above, in Hainan. Methods From June 2014 to December 2016, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province. Data regarding basic information, ADL, prevalence of major age-related diseases was collected in this population. Loss of ADL among these centenarians was described and its determinants examined. Results The prevalence of ADL loss in centenarian population was 72.5%, with the top four items of ADL loss as stair-climbing (79.0%), moving (59.1%), walking (44.3%) and using toilet (41.3%). Results showed that tea consumption, good both on vision and audition were possible protective factors for the functions of ADL. Low level of education and vitamin D deficiency seemed as risk factors for the slowing-down of ADL (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of ADL loss among centenarians appeared relatively high. Years of education, tea consumption, degrees of vision, audition and vitamin D deficiency were possible risk factors responsible for the ADL loss in this centenarian population.