陕西省成年居民慢性病及其危险因素分析

目的 了解陕西省慢性病及相关危险因素。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，调查2015年陕西省10个国家级监测点常住居民的慢性病危险因素相关指标，4项行为危险因素（吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动）和4项身体因素（BMI、血压、血糖、血脂）分别采用面对面访问、体格测量和实验室检测的形式收集相关信息。各项指标计算均考虑权重（设计权重、无应答权重和事后分层权重）。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析8项危险因素两两之间的关联性。结果 共纳入分析6 174人，经加权调整后，陕西省成年居民现在吸烟率为28.19%，有害饮酒率为6.20%，蔬菜水果摄入不足率为55.62%，体力活动不足率为19.56%；超重/肥胖率为46.82%，高血压患病率为31.12%、FPG升高率为4.27%、TC升高率为20.96%。8项行为和身体因素两两间均存在相关性，危险因素男性平均有2.41项，女性平均1.85项，城市居民1.94项，农村居民2.28项。结论 2015年陕西省成年居民行为危险因素和身体因素均高于全国平均水平，且性别及城乡间存在明显差异，不同危险因素间均存在关联，提示针对多种危险因素的公共卫生干预效果可能更好。

Analysis on chronic diseases and risk factors of adult residents in Shaanxi province

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic diseases and related risk factors in Shaanxi province. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to collect the sample from permanent residents in 10 national surveillance points in Shaanxi province in 2015. Behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity) were investigated by face-to-face interviews and biological risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid) were collected by physical measurements and laboratory tests. Designed weight, no response weight and post hierarchical weight were taken into account in the data analysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the pair-wise associations among 8 risk factors. Results A total of 6 174 persons were included in the analysis. The following weighted prevalence were noticed in Shaanxi province in 2015, that including current smoking as 28.19%, harmful use of alcohol as 6.20%, inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits as 55.62%, physical inactivity as 19.56%, overweight and obesity as 46.82%, hypertension as 31.12%, raised fasting blood glucose as 4.27%, and raised total cholesterol as 20.96%. Eight risk factors were found to be associated with each other. The mean numbers of risk factors were 2.41 per male and 1.85 per female, 1.94 per urban resident and 2.28 per rural resident. Conclusions Risk factors for chronic diseases among adults aged 18 or older were more than the national levels in Shaanxi province in 2015. Male and rural residents presented more risk factors than their counterparts. Correlations between risk factors implied that a combined package of interventions was needed to reduce these risk factors.