我国6个省份全人群流感疫苗接种及认知情况调查

目的 了解调查地区全年龄组人群流感预防知识的认知及流感疫苗接种情况,探索影响流感疫苗接种的相关因素。方法 采用横断面调查设计,选择北京市、内蒙古自治区、上海市、广东省、云南省和甘肃省6个省份,通过12320卫生热线采用随机数字表拨打电话的抽样方法,于2018年3-5月开展全年龄组人群的流感防控知识、流感疫苗接种情况的电话调查,调查估计样本量为9 438人。结果 本调查应答率为46.4%（10 045/21 658）,10 045名调查对象中,"流感和普通感冒有区别"的知晓率为75.3%（7 564/10 045）,"流感病毒会引起严重后果"的知晓率为82.0%（8 241/10 045）。出现流感样症状后采取频繁洗手、戴口罩和自我隔离的健康行为率分别为80.4%（7 936/9 873）、75.8%（7 506/9 899）和73.6%（7 228/9 822）。最近1年流感疫苗接种率为5.7%（570/10 037）。最近1年流感疫苗接种率的相关多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,调查对象来自甘肃省或北京市、职业是医务人员或全日制学生、调查对象共同居住人数≥ 2人、出现流感样症状后戴口罩,最近1年流感疫苗接种率相对较高。结论 6个省份调查对象流感相关知识的知晓率、出现流感相关症状后的健康行为率和最近1年流感疫苗接种率均有待进一步提高。应加强流感预防知识和疫苗接种的健康教育,探索流感疫苗免费接种策略。

Survey on situation and cognition of influenza vaccination among population in six provinces of China

Objective To understand the cognition on and status quo of influenza vaccination among all age groups in the survey areas from 6 provinces so as to explore the main factors related to influenza vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was conducted to study the knowledge on influenza prevention and control, as well as on the status of influenza vaccination in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Gansu provinces through 12320 health hotline telephone with method of random number table in Mar-May 2018. The survey sample size was 9 438 respondents. Results The survey response rate was 46.4%(10 045/21 658). A total of 10 045 respondents were surveyed. The awareness on flu-related knowledge "influenza is different from the common cold" was 75.3% (7 564/10 045), rate on "influenza virus will cause serious consequences" was 82.0% (8 241/10 045). The rate of health behavior such as frequent hand, washing hand, wearing masks and isolating themselves were 80.41% (7 936/9 873), 75.8% (7 506/9 899) and 73.6%(7 228/9 822) respectively when the influenza-like symptoms already started. The influenza vaccination rate in the past year was only 5.7% (570/10 037). Multivariate logistic analysis of influenza vaccination rate in the past year showed that respondents who were from Gansu province or Beijing, respondents occupations were as medical staff or full-time students, respondents who were living with more than 2 people at the same house, respondents who had had influenza symptoms without wearing masks, the influenza vaccination rates were higher in the past year. Conclusions Rates regarding the awareness of influenza-related knowledge, health behavior when the influenza-related symptoms already started and having received the influenza vaccine vaccination in the past year should be further improved in the six provinces. Health education on influenza-related knowledge and vaccine vaccination should be strengthened, strategies including free vaccination are bound to be explored.