重点旅游区病媒生物密度现状及防治对策

目的了解重庆市重点旅游区病媒生物密度状况，为有效进行病媒生物应急控制提供科学依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案》规定方法，监测鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂等病媒生物密度。同时，参照全国爱卫会国家卫生城市标准及有关行业标准分析评价重点旅游区病媒生物的侵害程度。结果鼠密度为0．62％，控制在标准范围内，但农贸市场鼠密度超标（4．99％）。不同月份和不同场所的鼠密度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。成蚊密度为2．71只／人工小时，不同场所以旅游景区和医院最为突出，分别为5．42只／人工小时和4．42只／人工小时。蚊幼虫容器指数为9．15，是标准的3．05倍。蝇密度为1．32只／笼，控制在标准范围内。蟑螂密度为1．06只／张，但蟑螂的侵害率仍然较高，达11．46％，是标准的3．82倍。不同月份和不同场所蟑螂的侵害率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论重庆市重点旅游区目前的病媒生物密度状况不容乐观，特别是鼠密度（农贸市场）、蚊密度与容器指数、蟑螂侵害率等均严重超标，必须及时采取相应的有效措施，加强病媒生物防治，将病媒生物密度控制在国家规定标准范围内，保障游客身体健康。

The status of vector density and control measures in main travel industry sites of Chongqing city

Objective To understand the status of vector density and provide scientific proof for emergency controlling of vector efficiently. Methods According to the methods of ＂National Vector Surveillance plan＂, monitored the density of mice, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and so on. Also, analyzing and evaluating the invasion degree of vector in main travel industry sites in accordance with the National Sanitation City Criterions of National Patriotic health campaign committee and referring industry criterions. Results The mice density was 0. 62%, in the criterion range. But it was highly exceeding （4. 99% ）in terminal markets. They had statistical difference in different months and places （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The mature mosquitoes density was 2.71 pieces per hour, prominently high in travel industry sites and hospitals, were respectively 5.42 and 4. 42 per hour. The container index of mosquito larva was 9. 15, 3.05 times of the criterion. The flies density was 1.32 pieces per cage and controlled in the criterion range. The cockroaches density was 1.06 pieces per sheet, but the invasion rate was still obviously high for 11.46% , was 3.82 times of the criterion. The invasion rates were significantly different in different months and places （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion The status of vector density in main travel industry sites of Chongqing is not good, especially the mice density （in terminal markets）, the density and container index of mosquitoes, the invasion rate of cockroaches are highly exceeding. It＇ s necessary to take effective measures and strengthen the control of vector in order to keep the vector density in the criterion range and ensure tourists＇ health.