某工业城市儿童铅暴露所致MMR的疾病负担估算

[目的]评价某工业城市儿童铅暴露所导致轻度精神发育迟缓(MMR,ICD10编码为F70)的疾病负担。[方法]在某工业城市随机选取1950名小学生及初中生为研究对象。原子吸收法测定血铅,依据世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐方法评价某工业城市儿童铅暴露所致疾病负担,依据GROSSE等的研究评估某工业城市儿童铅暴露所造成的社会经济负担。[结果]某工业城市儿童的血铅水平算术均数为0．233mmol/L,标准差0．113mmol／L,几何均数为O．208mmol／L。2005年,儿童铅暴露引起的伤残调整健康生命年(DALY)损失为5。199,所造成的经济损失约为75亿元人民币。[结论]某工业城市儿童血铅平均水平低于铅中毒诊断标准,铅暴露情况较好,政府及社会各方面仍需继续努力降低儿童铅暴露水平。

Children''''s Disease Burden of MMR Due to Lead Exposure in an Industrial City

[Objective] To estimate the children's disease burden of mild mental retardation(MMR)due to lead exposure in an industrial city. [Methods] 1 950 students of primary school and junior high school were randomly selected in 5 districts of the city. Blood lead levels were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The children s disease burden due to lead exposure was estimated using the methods recommended by WHO. [Results] The mathematical mean, the standard deviation and the geometric mean of children's blood lead level (BLL) were 0.233, 0.113 and 0.208 mmol/L, respectively. The disease burden due to lead exposure were 5 199 DALYs and the economic loss was about 7.5 billion RMB. [Conclusion] Although the BLL of children in the city is lower than the criteria of lead intoxication, the local government and the society should keep on in reducing children a lead exposure.