湘潭市0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查

目的:了解湘潭市0～14岁儿童哮喘的患病率、好发季节与治疗现状。方法:采取整群抽样的方法,随机选取湘潭市岳塘区、雨湖区、湘乡市、湘潭县、韶山市5个市县区0～14岁儿童14 136例进行哮喘的流行病学调查。结果:湘潭市14 136例0～14岁儿童中,共诊断儿童哮喘206例,哮喘患病率为1.46%,其中男、女性别之比为1.29∶1;春季发病为36.9%,冬季为34.0%;发作时间主要在夜间(42.7%)和清晨(17.5%);呼吸道感染是主要发作诱因。发作时使用抗生素治疗达到90.8%,而规范化治疗仅为10.7%;疾病影响学习的儿童为72.9%。结论:湘潭市儿童哮喘患病率略低于全国平均水平,高于中南地区平均水平;规范化治疗比例低,儿童哮喘知识的宣教工作亟待加强。

Epidemiological investigation on asthma in 0-14 years old children in Xiangtan city

Objective:To understand the prevalence,frequently-occurring seasons and current situation of treatment of asthma in 0-14 years old children in Xiangtan city.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to select 14 136 children age 0-14 years old randomly from Yuetang district,Yuhu district,Xiangxiang city,Xiangtan county,and Shaoshan city from Xiangtan city for epidemiological investigation of asthma.Results:Among 14 136 children aged 0-14 years old in Xiangtan city,a total of 206 children were diagnosed as asthma,the prevalence rate of asthma was 1.46%,the gender ratio of boys to girls was 1.29∶ 1;the incidences of asthma in spring and winter were 36.9% and 34.0%,respectively;asthma mainly occurred in the night(42.7%) and morning(17.5%);respiratory tract infection was the major cause of attack.90.8% of the children were treated with antibiotics when asthma occurred,but the rate of normalized treatment was only 10.7%;the disease affected the study of 72.9% of the children.Conclusion:The prevalence rate of childhood asthma in Xiangtan city is slightly lower than national average level,but it is higher than the average level in Central-Southern China;the proportion of children receiving normalized treatment is low,the publicity and education of asthma-related knowledge should be enhanced among the children.