兔肝脏及附属管道的应用解剖学研究

目的　对兔肝脏及其附属管道进行应用解剖学研究。 方法　对20只日本大耳兔分别进行活体和离体形态学观察，制作门静脉和肝静脉管道铸型标本观察其分支与走行，测定各肝叶质量及其所占肝脏百分比。 结果　兔肝肝裂明显，依据肝叶形态、肝裂走行和门静脉主干分支形式将兔肝脏分为五叶，分别为尾状叶、左外叶、左中叶、右中叶、右外叶，各肝叶质量分别为(g)：3.93±1.13、15.93±3.50、14.83±3.31、15.08±4.34、12.08±3.55。左中叶和右中叶根部肝组织融合，其余各肝叶相对独立，尾状叶包括相对独立的乳头突和尾状突两部分。各肝叶有相对独立的Glisson系统和肝静脉走行于肝蒂内。 结论　兔肝解剖学特点与多数哺乳类实验动物肝脏解剖相似，同时又具有其自身特点，适合于肝脏外科疾病动物模型的制作。

Applied anatomic research of rabbit liver and its affiliated conduit

Objective　To investigate the applied anatomy of the rabbit liver and its affiliated conduit. Methods Twenty livers of Japanese rabbits were observed in vivo and studied in vitro;corrosive vascular cast of the portal vein and hepatic vein was made and the weight of the each lobe was measured with its proportion to the whole liver calculated. Results According to the hepatic shape, fissure and branches of the portal vein, the rabbit liver is divided into five lobes : the caudate lobe, the left lateral lobe, the left middle lobe, the right middle lobe, the right lateral lobe; the average weight of each lobe is (g):3.93 ±1.13;15.93±3.50; 14.83±3.31; 15.08±4.34; 12.08±3.55, respectively. The rabbit liver has the relatively independent lobes with exception made for the left middle lobe and the right middle lobe, whose parenchyma are partially connected. In addition, the caudate lobe includes the caudate process and the papillary process. Each hepatic lobe has its relative independent hepatic pedicle containing the Glisson system and the hepatic vein. Conclusion Applied anatomy of rabbit liver has similarities to other major laboratory mammals, but it has some of its own characteristics. The rabbit is a suitable model for experimental liver surgery