内蒙古中西部地区产褥期妇女生理及心理状况调查

目的:调查分析内蒙古中西部地区产褥期妇女的生理及心理状况。方法:采用随机整群抽样法抽取内蒙古中西部3个地区(包头、乌海、巴彦淖尔)1周岁以内儿童的母亲共2 624例作为研究对象(收回有效问卷2 563份),采用自行设计的产褥期调查问卷进行逐一入户问卷调查。结果:2 563例产褥期妇女的生理及心理状况无分娩方式及民族差异(P>0.05);经产妇血性恶露持续时间>2周的比例(34.0%)高于初产妇(26.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);农村产妇乳头皲裂(15.8%)、产后忧伤(9.0%)等8项发生率较高,与城市产妇(11.9%、3.9%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示产褥期妇女生理及心理状况的影响因素有孕期教育、产后开始下床活动时间、怀孕前半年有无准备、产后由谁提供每餐食品及家庭年收入。结论:内蒙古中西部地区产褥期妇女生理及心理状况总体良好,但存在城乡差异,城市优于农村。

Investigation on physiological status and psychological status of puerperal women in central and western regions of Inner Mongolia

Objective:To investigate and analyze physiological status and psychological status of puerperal women in central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.Methods:A random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 624 mothers whose children were under one year from three cities(Baotou city,Wuhai city,and Bayannur city) of central and western regions of Inner Mongolia as study objects,a total of 2 563 valid questionnaires were retrieved,a self-designed questionnaire about puerperium was used to conduct home survey one by one.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in physiological status and psychological status among 2 563 puerperal women of different delivery modes and nationalities(P>0.05);the proportion of multiparous women with duration time of bloody lochia more than two weeks was 34.0%,which was statistically significantly higher than that of primiparous women(26.6%)(P<0.05);the incidence rates of cracked nipple and postpartum depression in rural women were 15.8% and 9.0%,respectively,compared with urban women(11.9%,3.9%),there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of physiological status and psychological status of puerperal women included gestational education,activity time of leaving beds after delivery,preparation or not in the first half year of pregnancy,meals after delivery provided by whom,and annual household income.Conclusion:The physiological status and psychological status of puerperal women in central and western regions of Inner Mongolia are good,but there are rural-urban differences,the physiological status and psychological status of puerperal women in urban areas are superior to those of women in rural areas.