Multi-element stable isotope analysis of H,C, N and S in hair and nails of contemporary human remains

This paper presents a comparison of the isotopic ratios of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur of three pairings of hair and nail tissue taken from contemporary human remains. Our aim was to examine the possibility of a direct comparison of isotopic data in hair with that of nail tissue for forensic purposes. The results indicate that stable isotope ratios of the elements were best comparable between human scalp hair longer than 3 cm and the distal end of the nails. There were no distinct variations between finger and toenails. Our isotopic data for bulk hair and nail confirmed that hair samples were slightly enriched in ¹³C but depleted in ¹⁵N compared to nail samples. Furthermore, our data reveal that δ³⁴S values in nail samples were more variable than in hair samples. Direct comparison of the corresponding segments of hair and nail samples may be difficult due to individual differences especially for δ¹⁵N and δ²H. Hair may have an isotopic composition more consistent with the ingested food within a specific time than is provided by nail. It can be concluded that once a hair is formed, no further metabolic changes of the isotopic pattern should occur. Nevertheless, our data suggest that there was a change in isotope ratios particularly for δ²H along the hair shaft. Interpretation of the isotope data in corresponding segments of hair and nail for forensic purposes must consider particular variations, especially for chronological considerations.