社会污名和歧视经历对新生代农民工心理健康的影响研究——兼析几类因素的中介作用

目的:探讨污名和歧视经历对新生代农民工心理健康的影响方向和途径,以及几类因素的中介作用。方法:采用配额抽样方法,在长沙、湘潭、宁波、杭州、深圳、东莞六个城市共抽取815名新生代农民工作为调查对象,建立结构方程模型对变量间的关系进行检验。结果:(1)社会污名和歧视经历对新生代农民工的心理健康具有直接的负面影响。(2)期望与现实的心理落差、应对方式在污名和歧视经历对新生代农民工心理健康的影响中具有部分中介作用。(3)迁移前的充分准备对新生代农民工的积极应对策略具有显著正相关,有利于提高其心理适应能力。(4)消极应对方式与新生代农民工心理健康具有显著负相关,可以预测新生代农民工的心理健康水平。结论:营造良好的公平竞争环境,建立以提高新生代农民工应对技能的迁移培训机制和做好迁移前的充分准备,有利于改善他们的心理健康状况。

Impact of social stigma and discriminatory experience on mental health of new generation migrant workers: An analysis of the mediating effects incurred from several factors

Objective: This paper aims at exploring the impacts of social stigma and discriminatory experience on mental health of the new generation migrant workers, thereby simultaneously examining the function of several mediating effects among them. Methods: Adopting the quota sampling methods, a total of 815 new generation migrant workers were selected from Changsha, Xiangtan, Ningbo, Hangzhou and Shenzhen to complete survey questionnaire. The Structural Equation Models (SEM) was established to examine the relationship between several determinants and mediating factors thereof. Results: The results of the survey showed that: (1) The social stigma and discriminatory experience had direct negative effects on mental health. (2) The expectation-reality discrepancy and coping style have partial mediating effects on mental health as per perceived social stigma and discriminatory experiences. (3) The full preparation prior to the migration presents significantly positive correlation with the active coping skills of the new generation migrant workers, which were positively related to their mental health and psychological adaptability. (4) The negative coping style has a significantly negative correlation with mental health, and can predict the mental health status among the new generation migrant workers. Conclusions: Creating a fair competition environment, establishing a migration training mechanism to improve the coping skills of the new generation migrant workers and making the full preparations for the migration are beneficial to the improvement of those workers'' mental health.