健康预期寿命指标中的健康概念及其测量研究

健康预期寿命作为健康测量的综合性指标,是在平均预期寿命的基础上进一步识别健康部分和病态(非健康)部分。因此,健康的概念和测量是测量健康预期寿命的核心和关键。现有健康预期寿命领域的研究大致从六个方面对健康进行定义和操作化,包括沙利文的活动限制定义、世界卫生组织的疾病、残疾、损失定义、华盛顿残疾统计团队的残疾定义、Euro-Reves的全球活动限制指数(GALI)定义、日常生活自理能力指数(ADLs和IADLs)定义和自评健康定义。这些健康的概念和操作化各有优势,也都有弊端。在众多指标中,尽管自评健康受自评者对其健康信息了解程度的影响,但是自评健康简单易行,目前在全球范围内使用最为广泛的健康测量指标,能有效反映人群健康,进行健康预测和比较。

The concept and health measurement indicators in healthy life expectancy

As a comprehensive indicator of health measurement, life expectancy further splits into healthy life expectancy and unhealthy or pathological life expectancy. Therefore, the concept and measurement of health constitute the core and key to measuring the healthy life expectancy. The existing researches in the field of healthy life expectancy generally define and operationalize the concept of health roughly in six categories. Those are:the definition of Sullivan''s activity restrictions, the WHO''s disease, disability and loss definition, the Washington Disability Statistical Team''s definition of disability, the Euro-Reves'' Global Activity Restriction Index (GALI) definition, daily life definition of self-care ability index (ADLs and IADLs), and definition of self-assessed health. Each definition of health has its own advantages and drawbacks. Among the many indicators, although self-assessed health is mainly affected by the self-reviewers'' understanding of their health status, self-evaluation indicator is simple and easy to use, and currently can effectively reflect the health of the population and predict health to finally make comparisons. Therefore, it becomes one of the most widely used health measurement indicators in the world.