中山市三乡镇社区持证残疾人康复现状与需求调查分析

目的：通过对社区持证残疾人的现场调查评估，分析其生存现状、生活质量及康复需求，为科学开展社区残疾人的康复干预提供依据。方法：通过现场问卷调查和现场评估的方式，对152名持证残疾人进行康复需求评定、康复服务评价调查、焦虑与抑郁自评量表评价和功能独立性评定（FIM）量表的评估。结果：（1）年龄：残疾人群平均年龄（49.84±1.89）岁，主要以45周岁及以上（64.5%）的中老年残疾人为主。（2）文化程度：文化程度较低，主要为小学及以下（62.5%）、初中（27.6%）为主。（3）职业及家庭收入：83.6%的残疾人处于无业状态；残疾人群收入水平较低，人均家庭月收入主要集中在2000元以下（93.4%）。（4）残疾类型、程度：主要以肢体残疾和听力残疾为主；一级（14.5%）和二级（19.1%）（重度与极重度）残疾人群比例较大。（5）康复服务开展及评价情况：残疾人群对于所在地社区康复服务机构的知晓程度和满意度偏低，仅有14.5%的残疾人曾经或正在接受康复服务；社区康复机构的选址和康复服务设备是影响残疾人接受所在地社区康复服务的主要影响因素。（6）焦虑评分结果为（33.96±0.73）分，高于50分者4.46%；抑郁评分结果为（37.68±0.80）分，高于50分者9.82%；功能独立性评定中，能够独立者65.14%，有依赖者34.86%。结论：社区的残疾人群存在着受教育水平低，生活贫困，残疾等级较重，情绪较不稳，康复需求达不到满足等问题。

Studies on the Status and Demands of Rehabilitation of the Handicapped in the Sanxiang Town of Zhongshan City

Objective：To analyze the current status,quality of life and demands of rehabilitation through the investigation and assessment on the handicapped,and to provide scientific basis for rehabilitation intervention of the handicapped. Method：152 handicapped people were investigated from questionnaire on the demands and the service of rehabilitation and made the assessment by the scales of SDS,SAS and FIM. Result：（1）Age：the mean of the handicapped was（49.84±1.89）years,mainly with the age of 45 years and above（64.5%）;（2）Level of education：the handicapped was low with the education mainly for the primary school and below（62.5%）and junior middle school（27.6%）;（3）Career and family income：83.6%handicapped people were unemployed and the family income level of per capita monthly was mainly at 2000 RMB and below.（4）Disability types,degree：in this study, the handicapped were mainly on the physically and hearing handicapped,and the proportion were high at the level of first grade（14.5%）and second grade（19.1%,severe and extremely severe）.（5）Rehabilitation services and assessment：among the handicapped only 14.5%were ever and in process of receiving the service of rehabilitation,and the rate of the acquaintance and satisfaction was low at the local institution of rehabilitation. The location and the facility were the major influencing factors on receiving the service of rehabilitation for the handicapped.（6）The mean scores of SAS and SDS were （33.96±0.73）and（37.68±0.80）,and the proportion above 50 score were 4.46%and 9.91%,respectively. In the assessment of FIM,the rate of function of independence and the reliance were 65.14%and 34.86%,respectively. Conclusion：The handicapped in community are still exist the problems of low level of education,poor in living,severe in handicapped,instability in emotion and the needs of rehabilitation could not meet the demand.