参与抗震救灾的一线科室外援与本土护士的心理健康状况比较研究

目的比较研究一线临床科室参与抗震救灾的外援护士和本土护士的心理健康状况。方法随机抽取参与汶川抗震救灾的一线科室（ICU、骨科、急诊）外援护士及本土护士各175人（外援组和本土组），采用对地震的自我认知问卷及抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）进行心理卫生状况测评。结果2组护士均以女性为主，组间无差异性（P〉0．05）。本土组护士大于40岁者占9．8％，显著高于外援组（1．88％，0．01〈P〈0．05）；学历分布均以大专及本科以上为主，本土组中专学历者占6．79％，显著高于外援组（0，P〈0．01）；2组护士的职称分布均以初级职称为主，无明显差异。2组护士对地震相关知识的知晓情况、响应抗震救灾的行为表现、地震对专业的影响等方面无明显差异（均P〉0．05）；2组护士的抑郁总分和焦虑总分均高于国内常模（均P〈0．01），外援组的抑郁总分和焦虑总分均高于本土组（均P〈0．01）。结论地震灾害对援救一线护士的心理健康有一定的影响，尤其是非本土护士的心理健康状况更加值得关注。

Mental health of the local and non-local nurses participating in earthquake disaster relief: a comparative study

Objective To comparatively investigate the mental health of the local and non-local nurses participating in earthquake disaster relief. Methods 175 local nurses and 175 non-local nurses who participated in the Wenehuan earthquake disaster relief were randomly selected and investigated by questionnaire survey with self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）. Results The percentage of females among the local nurses was 92.60%, not significantly different from that among the non-local nurses （96.23, P〉0.05）. The percentage of those aged over 40 among the local nurses was 9.8%, significantly higher than that among the non-local nurses （1.88%, 0.01 〈 P〈 0.05）. Most of the nurses in both groups were junior college and regular college graduates. The percentage of secondary technical school graduates among the local nurses was 6.79%, significantly higher than that among the non-local nurses （0, P 〈 0.01）. The earthquake knowledge rate of the local nurses was 49.38%, not significantly different from that of the non-local nurses （46.54%, P〉0.05）. There were no significant differences in the behavior in response to disaster relief and influence of earthquake on the profession （both P〉0.05）. The SDS and SAS scores of these 2 groups were both higher than those of the national norms（all P〈 0.01）, and the SDS and SAS scores of the non-local group were both significantly higher than those of the local group （both P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Earthquake affects the mental health of the first-fine nurses, especially the non-local nurses. The nurses still lack knowledge about disaster relief.