高度近视和中低度近视高中生人格特征及心理健康比较研究

目的 系统地了解高度近视高中生的人格特征及心理健康状况,以便更有针对性地帮助其解决心理冲突及情绪问题,并指导用眼卫生.方法 选取体检中无全身和其他眼部疾病的近视高中生分两组:高度近视组(屈光度＞ -6.00 D,143人)和中低度近视组(屈光度≤-6.00 D,143人),采用艾森克人格问卷及Derogatis编制的症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,对比两组的人格特征分布及心理健康状况.结果 高度近视组学生的人格特征以N型占多数(51.0％),中低度近视组以E外型占多数(53.8％),两组学生人格特征分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高度近视组在SCL-90总均分、阳性均分及阳性项目数的均值均高于中低度近视组(均为P＜0.05),通过对SCL-90的各因子情况分析后发现,躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9因子中,除了躯体化外,其余各因子分高度近视组都明显高于中低度近视组(均为P＜0.05),尤以焦虑、抑郁、人际关系更明显(均为P＜0.01).9因子中分数≥3分的人数高度近视组均高于中低度近视组,但仅抑郁发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高度近视高中生以N型人格居多,做事情心理负担较中低度近视学生重.我们应该根据近视学生的心理特点及个性特征进行正确引导,同时对于用眼强度大、发育快的高中生进行用眼卫生的正确指导,定期医学验光,有效预防近视或减缓近视度数进展速度.

Comparative study of personality characteristics and mental health between senior high school students with high myopia and low-to-moderate myopia

Objective To investigate the personality characteristics and mental health status of high school students with high myopia systematically in order to help them resolve the mental conflicts and emotional problems specifically,and guide them to use their eyes in a healthy way.Methods The high school students without general diseases and other eye diseases in the physical examination myopia were selected and divided into two groups:High myopia group included 143 students with diopter > -6.00 D and low-to-moderate group included 143 students with diopter ≤-6.00 D.Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Symptom Rating Scale made by Derogatis (SCL-90) were used to compare the personality characteristics’ distribution and the status of psychological health of the two groups.Results The majority of high myopia group and Low-to-moderate group were mainly made up of the personality type of neuroticism (51.0%) and extraversion (53.8%),respectively,there was statistical difference(P<0.05).SCL-90 total score,positive score and number of positive mean in high myopia group were higher than those in low-to-moderate group(both P<0.05).Through the analysis for each factor points of Scl-90 found that somatization,forced symptoms,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety,hostility and terror,paranoid,psychoticism and factor,in addition to a foreigner body,the others each factor points in high myopia group were obviously higher than those in low-to-moderate group (all P<0.05),especially more obvious in anxiety,depression,interpersonal relationship(P<0.01).The number of students whose any score of the nine factors surpassed 3 in high myopia group was higher than those in low-to-moderate group,especially for the factor of depression and obsessive-compulsive,and there were more students who had depression problems in the high myopia group than those in low-to-moderate group,there was statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusions Most of the senior high school students with high myopia have the personality type of neuroticism,and compared with those with low-to-moderate myopia degree,they are apt to suffer from psychological burdens.We should give proper guidance to myopic students according to their psychological features and personality characteristics,especially to those with high myopia.At the same time,proper instruction and regular optometry should be offered to senior high school students in order to prevent and reduce the rate of myopia progression effectively.