小学儿童父母体罚的基本特点

目的:考察我国小学儿童遭受父母体罚的基本特点。方法:采用Straus编制的亲子冲突解决策略量表测查938名小学儿童的父母。结果:63.2%的小学儿童父母在近半年内对孩子实施过体罚,实施体罚的平均次数约为8次;我国父母使用最普遍的体罚方式依次是用手打孩子的屁股,打孩子的手、胳膊或腿,打孩子的脸、头或揪孩子的耳朵,体罚孩子最多的身体部位依次为屁股,手和胳膊;父母对男孩实施轻度体罚和严厉体罚的普遍性及实施严厉体罚的频繁性均显著均高于女孩;父母对一、二、三年级儿童实施轻度体罚和严厉体罚的普遍性显著高于对四、五、六年级儿童的体罚;低中社经地位家庭中的父母对儿童实施轻度体罚和严厉体罚的普遍性及实施严厉体罚的频繁性均显著高于高社经地位家庭的父母。结论:在我国,父母体罚的普遍性和频繁性均较高,且其发生情况与儿童的性别,年龄和家庭的社经地位有关。

Characteristics of Parental Corporal Punishment on Elementary School Children

Objective: To examine the characteristics of parental corporal punishment on primary school children in China.Methods: Nine hundred thirty eight parents of elementary school-aged children completed the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale.Results: Nearly sixty-three percent of parents had used corporal punishment toward their children in the past six months,and reported having used corporal punishment in an average of eight times.Spanking the bottom with the bare hand,slapping on the hand,arm or leg,slapping on the face,head or ears were the most often used forms by parents.Bottom,hand,and arm were the most frequently reported places on the body targeted for corporal punishment.The prevalence of mild or severe corporal punishment and the frequency of severe corporal punishment were higher for boys than for girls.The prevalence of mild and severe corporal punishment decreased with increasing grade.Low and middle SES parents were more likely and more frequently to use mild and severe corporal punishment than high SES parents.Conclusion: Corporal punishment is a common strategy of disciplining children in Chinese families,and its occurrence is related to childs’ gender,age and family SES.