Heart rate deflection compared to 4 mmol?·?l?1 lactate threshold during incremental exercise and to lactate during steady-state exercise on an arm-cranking ergometer in paraplegic athletes

The deflection point (DP) of the heart rate in relation to the work rate (WR) of 8 male endurance-trained paraplegics and 11 male physically active sports students was investigated during nonsteady-state incremental arm cranking ergometry (IT) and compared to the 4 mmol?·?l^?1 blood lactate concentration threshold and to blood lactate concentration in steady-state exercise (SST). Heart rate, and lactate concentration from capillary blood, were determined at rest, during IT and SST. The DP was calculated by linear regression analysis of the heart rate during IT. The SST consisted of three consecutive exercise intensities over a period of 8?min at exercise intensities of 10?W below, and at 10?W above the work rate at deflection point (WR_DP). No difference was found between the paraplegics and non-handicapped subjects regarding heart rate and blood lactate concentration at rest and during exercise. A DP was established in all the paraplegics and in 72.7% of the non-handicapped subjects, but lactate accumulation was observed in 75% of the paraplegics and in 62.5% of the non-handicapped subjects at the lowest intensity of SST. In summary, endurance-trained paraplegics with an injury level below T₅ showed heart rate and blood lactate concentration values comparable to non-handicapped subjects during IT. A linear increase at moderate exercise intensities and a levelling-off at higher to maximal intensities could be identified in all the paraplegics and in 72.7% of non-handicapped subjects. The determination of the anaerobic threshold by DP should be applied with caution, since no causal relationship of DP and the anaerobic threshold was found and the WR_DP tended to overestimate threshold values.