3 055例神经内科患者医院感染调查分析

目的 探讨神经内科住院患者医院感染(NI)的特点，分析引起NI的危险因素，寻找控制NI的措施。方法 对1996年8月～2000年12月问，3055例住院患者NI情况进行回顾性调查分析。结果 医院感染328例，医院感染率10．74％；351例次，例次发病率11．49%；感染多发于脑卒中患者，以脑梗死、脑出血为著，其构成比分别占45．12％和15．55％；感染部位分布以上、下呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿道最常见，分别占38．18％、22．79％、21．65％和7．12％；患者病情严重程度、侵入性操作、病区空气洁净度、住院时间、季节、年龄、抗生素应用等是引起NI的主要危险因素。结论 神经内科患者NI发病率较高，获得途径以外源性为主，针对主要危险因素进行综合管理、重点监控，同时提高医护质量，合理用药，一定能降低NI的发病率。

Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Neurological Diseases:A 3 055 Case Analysis

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristic and risk factors of nosocomial infection(NI), to find out its preventing measures in patients with neurological diseases. METHODS A retrospective analysis was made on 3 055 cases during the period from Aug 1996 to Dec 2000. RESULTS A total of 328 cases suffered from NI; the infection rate was 10.74%. The infection occurred mainly in patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. The infection sites were frequently found in the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system, which reached 60.97% and 21 65%, respectively. The risk factors involving NI had relationship with the type of disease, management of patient , duration in hospital, use of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of these patients was higher. The preventing measures included the management of these patients, supportive treatment, correct use of antibiotics.