自发性高血压大鼠缺血再灌注后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡及p53基因表达

目的 探讨凋亡相关基因p53在自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)视网膜缺血再灌注损伤（RIR）后视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡中的作用。方法 将60只SHR随机分为假手术组(SHR-SH)和缺血组(SHR-RIR)，每组各30只大鼠；每组又按照不同再灌注时间分别再分为再灌注后2、6、24、72 h和7 d共5个小组，每小组各6只大鼠。选取60只Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）同样分为假手术组(WKY-SH)和缺血组(WKY-IIR)作为对照。建立大鼠RIR损伤动物模型，采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP 缺口翻译法（TUNEL）法观察大鼠视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡，通过免疫组织化学链酶卵白素-生物素复合体法(SP)检测RIR后不同时段视网膜组织中p53基因的表达变化。结果 SHR视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡率在RIR后2、6、24、72 h和7 d时分别为（8.64±0.56）%、（14.92±0.99）%、（24.72±2.98）%、（16.53±1.80）%和（7.12±1.10）%。SHR视网膜毛细血管在RIR后2 h p53表达即开始增加，6 h继续增多，24 h达到高峰，72 h仍维持在较高水平，7 d时仍有少量表达，与SHR SH比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。WKY-SH和SHR-SH组各时间点细胞凋亡和p53表达无明显差异。WKY RIR与SHR RIR相应时间点比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 p53可能通过诱导或促进细胞凋亡参与大鼠RIR；高血压状态下发生RIR视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡更为严重，且尤以缺血再灌注后24 h为著。

Apoptosis of retinal capillary cells and expression of p53 in rats with spontaneous hypertension after ischemic reperfusion injury

Objective To investigate the effect of apoptosis-related gene p53 on the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) after ischemic reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 60 SHR rats were randomly divided into sham group (SHR-SH) and retinal ischemie reperfusion group (SHR-RIR), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the time after RIR: 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Another 60 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into the same groups as the SHR rats as the control. The RIR model was set up. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods and the expression of p53 was determined by streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptosis rate of retinal capillary cells in the 5 SHR-RIR groups was (8.64±0.56)%, (14.92±0.99)%, (24.72±2.98)%, (16.53±1.80)%, and (7.12±1.10)%,respectively. The expression of p53 in SHR-RIR groups increased at the 2nd hour after RIR, reached the peak at the 24th hour, kept the high level at the 72nd hour, and remained a little at the 7th day, which was significantly different from which in the SHR-SH groups (P<0. 01). The expression of p53 were higher in SHR-IR groups than that in the WKY-RIR groups (P<0. 01). Conclusions p53 may play a part in RIR injury by inducing or promoting apoptosis. The apoptosis of retinal capillary cells after RIR is more severe under the hypertension, and reaches the peak at the 24 hour after RIR.