Treatment Outcomes in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Survival Improvement in Young Patients With Localized Disease Treated by Combination of Surgery and Radiotherapy

Background  Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a notoriously aggressive malignancy associated with a highly lethal clinical course despite therapeutic intervention. Our present study attempts to identify factors that could potentially improve therapeutic strategies by analyzing the clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome of ATC patients managed over the past four decades at our institution. Methods  Fifty patients with biopsy-proven ATC during the period 1966 to 2006 were studied. All patients were managed with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential factors affecting survival were compared by the log rank test. Results  Most patients (88%) presented with a neck mass; 17 patients (34%) also had cervical lymphadenopathy. Distant metastases were clinically present in 9 (18%). Median survival was 97 days, whereas the 1- and 3-year survival was 14% and 8%, respectively. On univariate analysis, patients aged ≤65 years (P = .04), absence of metastatic disease at presentation (P < .01), surgical resection (P < .01), and postoperative radiotherapy (P < .01) were associated with longer survival. The adoption of cytotoxic chemotherapy was not associated with better survival (P = .4). Moreover, there was no improvement in survival rate over the last four decades despite the adoption of multimodal treatment (P = .5). Conclusion  ATC remains a deadly disease despite technical advances in surgical technique and adoption of multidisciplinary treatment strategies over the last four decades. However, younger patients with localized ATC might benefit from an aggressive multidisciplinary approach.