Treatment effectiveness of hypnosis and behaviour therapy in smoking cessation: A methodological refinement |
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| Authors: | G. J. Hyman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;2. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;3. University of Chicago (Emeritus), Chicago, Illinois;1. Coma Science Group, GICA Research and Cyclotron Research Centre, Avenue de l’hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium;2. CHU Department of Algology and Palliative Care, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium;1. NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University – Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Fondazione ‘‘P. Alberto Mileno Onlus”, Vasto, CH, Italy;3. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy;1. IFPPC, centre CAMKeys, 7, rue des Cordelières, 75013 Paris, France;2. Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Université Paris Sud, Corbeil-Essonnes, Service de Neurologie et Unité Neurovasculaire, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;3. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC), Faculté de médecine, 75006 Paris, France;4. AP–HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, 75013 Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | Studies in smoking cessation have generally failed to adequately control for active treatment effects and have assumed that measures of smoking behaviour (i.e., estimated smoking rate, self-monitoring and chemical analysis) are equally reliable measures. Sixty smokers were randomly assigned to one of four different smoking cessation treatment groups: hypnosis, focussed smoking, attention placebo and a waiting list control. Subjects were asked to estimate and monitor their own smoking behaviour. Blood samples were also taken for thiocyanate analysis before treatment. Smoking rates were similarly measured directly, at 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The results indicate that the three measures of smoking behaviour were all highly correlated. No significant differences were found between treatments, directly after treatment or at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. These results suggest that active treatment effects may not be responsible for behavioural change in a smoking cessation program. The implications of these findings are discussed. |
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