脊柱手术中硬脊膜损伤及术后脑脊液漏的处理

目的 探讨脊柱外科手术的常见并发症——术中硬脊膜损伤及术后脑脊液漏的外科处理措施，并观察其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年6月-2006年3月接受脊柱手术的405例患者资料。其中男298例，女107例；年龄11～78岁，平均46．2岁。病程3个月～5年。术中硬脊膜损伤或切开者28例（6．91％），其中颈椎3例，胸椎和腰椎19例，骶椎6例：28例中术后有6例发生脑脊液漏。术中未发现硬脊膜损伤而术后发生脑脊液漏2例。术后脑脊液漏的总发生率为1．98％。采用修复硬脊膜裂口、严密缝合切口各层、卧床休息和伤口加压包扎等综合措施处理。观察并记录处理疗效。结果 所有患者获随访3个月～4年，平均1年5个月。术前症状获不同程度缓解。8例术后脑脊液漏患者均获临床治愈，其中6例硬脊膜囊背侧瘘主要通过卧床休息、伤口加压包扎和再次手术缝合治愈，2例硬脊膜囊腹侧和侧方瘘尚需附加持续腰椎蛛网膜下腔引流。并发中枢神经系统感染1例，经多科协作治疗而愈合。结论 及时、正确地进行术中干预和术后处理，可有效治疗脊柱手术中硬脊膜损伤并预防术后脑脊液漏形成。

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DURAL INJURIES AND POSTOPERATIVE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FISTULAS IN SPINAL SURGERIES

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical management of dural injuries and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas in spinal surgeries and to observe clinical outcomes, since intraoperative injury of dura mater and postoperative CSF fistulas are common complications of spinal surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective research was designed and 405 patients with complete data who underwent spinal surgeries between June 2002 and March 2006 were acquired, including 298 cases of male and 107 cases of female, with the mean age of 46.2 years (ranging from 11 years to 78 years). The course of disease lasted from 3 months to 5 years. A total of 28 cases of intraoperative dural injuries and durotomies (28/405, 6.91%) were recorded, including 3 cases of cervical spinal surgery (3/152, 1.97%), 19 cases of thoracic and lumbar spinal surgery (19/239, 7.95%) and 6 cases of sacral surgery (6/14, 42.86%). CSF fistulas occurred in 6 cases of 28 patients. There were 2 cases in which no intraoperative dural injury was detected but CSF fistulas occurred after operation. The incidence of postoperative CSF fistula was 1.98% (8/405). Surgical management included closure of breach in the dura mater, oversewing every layer of the wound, bed rest and compression dressing and so on. Clinical outcomes of surgical management were recorded. RESULTS: The average follow-up lasted for 1 year and 5 months (ranging from 3 months to 4 years). Preoperative symptoms remitted to different extents. There were 8 cases of postoperative CSF fistula which were cured ultimately. A total of 6 cases of CSF fistulas from dorsal injuries of dura mater were treated mainly by bed rest, compression dressing and reoperations, while 2 cases of fistulas from ventral and lateral injuries of dura mater were treated by additional continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage using a lumbar subarachnoid catheter. One case of central nervous system infection occurred and was treated successfully by multi-disciplinary disposal. CONCLUSION: Timely and correct surgical intervention and postoperative management can help to heal dural injuries in spinal surgeries and can prevent occurrence of postoperative CSF fistulas.