深圳市7～14岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍影响因素分析

目的探讨深圳市7～14岁学龄儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的患病情况及影响因素,为早期干预与治疗提供依据。方法采用Conners教师评定量表(TRS)对深圳市7～14岁在校学龄儿童进行分层随机抽样调查,对经TRS初步筛查为阳性的儿童进行小儿神经专科门诊随访,排除严重躯体疾病、神经系统疾病和其他精神疾病,根据美国精神病学会的精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版诊断ADHD,统计分析家长填写的ADHD影响因素调查表,完成ADHD影响因素调查。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果深圳市7～14岁儿童ADHD总患病率为5.40%(442/8 193),其中男性高于女性,7～9岁年龄组儿童患病率最高,随年龄增长有下降趋势。出生窒息史、挑食/偏食习惯、右手或左手的习惯、每天看电视时间、同学之间关系是ADHD的重要影响因素。结论深圳市学龄儿童ADHD患病率与国内外其他调查相近,ADHD受多种因素共同影响,家长、教师及医师应共同合作,重视早期针对性干预与治疗。

Analysis of Related Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Children between 7 and 14 Years Old in Shenzhen

Objective To investigate the related factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) aged 7 to 14 years old in Shenzhen.Provide the basis for early intervention and treatment. Methods Stratified random sample survey method,34 Shenzhen primary schools children were in the study.Conners Teacher Rating Scale(TRS)and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.4th ed were used,exclude serious physical disease,neurological diseases and other mental illnesses,general information on related factors of ADHD was provided by parent′s questionnaire.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze all data. Results The average prevalence was 5.40%(442/8 193)in the children aged 7 to 14 years old,the children aged 7 to 9 years old with the highest prevalence.The prevalence of a downward trend with increasing age.Gender,perinatal asphyxia,picky eating,handedness,television exposure,the relationship among classmates were the related factors. Conclusions The prevalence rate of ADHD in Shenzhen is similar to those in other cities at home and abroad.The interaction factors maybe play an important role in the development of ADHD.Parents,teachers and doctors should work together and pay more attention to the early intervention and treatment.