家庭因素对学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为的影响研究

目的 了解学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为现状及其家庭影响因素,为预防及改善学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为提供参考。 方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取乌鲁木齐市7所幼儿园1 070名 3~6岁儿童,采用儿童家庭一般资料调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问题筛查评估问卷及3~6岁儿童家庭养育环境量表进行调查,采用秩和检验、 χ²检验及logstic回归进行影响因素分析。 结果 学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为检出率为31.40%。多因素分析显示,儿童年龄越低(OR=0.510,95%CI=0.430~0.603)及语言/认知信息(OR=0.959,95%CI=0.926~0.994)、家庭养育环境中社会适应/自理(OR=0.959,95%CI=0.924~0.996)、活动多样性/游戏参与(OR=0.873,95%CI=0.827~0.922)、环境气氛维度得分越高(OR=0.794,95%CI=0.736~0.856)是学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为的保护因素;儿童主要照顾者文化程度越低(OR=1.929,95%CI=1.656~2.247)、主干家庭(OR=1.796,95%CI=1.260~2.561)、家庭每月总收入呈高等及低等水平(OR=1.368,95%CI=1.028~1.820),家庭养育环境中忽视/干预/惩罚维度得分越高(OR=1.043,95%CI=1.008~1.079)是学龄前儿童挑食偏食行为的危险因素。 结论 应从小培养儿童饮食行为习惯,加大对文化程度较低的儿童主要照顾者、家庭每月收入水平呈低、高水平及主干家庭中儿童照顾者,关于儿童饮食行为培养方面的健康教育,积极改善家庭养育环境,以防止儿童挑食偏食行为的发生。

Influence of family factors on picky eating behavior of preschool children

Objective To investigate the prevalence of picky eating behavior and its family influencing factors among preschoolers so as to provide references for preventing and improving eating preference behavior among them.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1,070 children aged 3-6 years in 7 kindergartens in Urumchi city.An investigation was conducted by using Children’s Family General Questionnaire,Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulties and Family Rearing Environment Scale for Children Aged 3-6 Years.Rank sum test,χ^2 test and logstic regression analysis were applied to identifying the influencing factors.Results The prevalence rate of eating preference behavior among preschool children was 31.40%.Multivariate analysis showed that younger children(OR=0.510,95%CI:0.430-0.603),language/cognitive information(OR=0.959,95%CI:0.926-0.994),social adaptation/self-care in family rearing environment(OR=0.959,95%CI:0.924-0.996),activity diversity/play participation(OR=0.873,95%CI:0.827-0.922)and higher score of environmental atmosphere dimension(OR=0.794,95%CI:0.736-0.856)were protective factors for the preschoolers’picky eating behavior.Lower educational level of children’s primary caregiver(OR=1.929,95%CI:1.656-2.247),stem family(OR=1.796,95%CI:1.260-2.561),showing a high or low level of total household monthly income(OR=1.368,95%CI:1.028-1.820)and the higher scores of neglect/intervention/punishment dimensions in family rearing environment(OR=1.043,95%CI:1.008-1.079)were risk factors for the preschoolers’picky eating behavior.Conclusions It is necessary to cultivate children’s eating habits from an early age,enhance health education on the cultivation of children’s dietary behavior among the main caregivers with lower educational level,from families with low or high household monthly income and from stem families,and actively improve family rearing environment so as to prevent children from eating preference behavior.