儿童期特应性皮炎145例临床分析

目的探讨儿童期特应性皮炎(AD)患儿临床特征及常见特异性变应原分布。方法回顾性分析2013年7月-2014年7月在湖南省儿童医院皮肤科门诊就诊的145例儿童期AD患儿的临床资料,总结其性别比例、地域、加重季节、临床表现及血清特异性变应原分布等特征。结果 145例患儿年龄2~12岁,66.9%有过敏性疾病家族史,其中以过敏性鼻炎(40.7%)最为常见。居住在城市患儿明显高于农村,两者间比值为1.7:1;皮损加重季节以夏、秋季为主,占63.4%。根据AD评分(scoring atopic dermartitis,SCORAD)标准,中度儿童期AD患儿多见(61.4%),且男童比女童较为严重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清特异性IgE以吸入性过敏原为主(61.5%),其中户尘螨、粉尘满、屋尘最为常见。结论儿童期AD患儿城市多于农村,常夏秋季节加重,男患儿皮损较女患儿严重,多并发过敏性鼻炎,过敏原以吸入性变应原为主。

Clinical analysis of 145 cases of atopic dermatitis in children

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and the distribution of common specific allergens in children with atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods The clinical data of 145 cases with AD in childhood who had been treated in dermatology clinic of Hunan Children’s Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,and the characteristics of sex ratio,region,aggravating season,clinical manifestations and distribution of serum specific allergens were summarized.Results The age of subjects ranged from 2 to 12 years old,and the majority(66.9%) of the patients had positive family history of allergic diseases,of which allergic rhinitis(40.7%) was the most common.The incidence rate of the disease in urban was higher than that in rural with the ratio of 1.7:1,and the lesions of the cases aggravated principally(63.4%)in summer and autumn.According to the criteria of scoring atopic dermatitis(SCORAD),children with moderate AD were more common(61.4%),and the score in boys was significantly higher than in girls(P <0.05).The main specific IgE in serum pointed to inhalation allergen(61.5%),among which house dust mite,dermatophagoides farina and house dust were the most common.Conclusion Children with AD were more in urban areas than in rural areas,and the disease often aggravated in summer and autumn.The condition of male children was more serious than that of female children.The most common complication was allergic rhinitis,and the primary specific allergens were inhalant allergens.