膳食营养与慢性肾脏病

膳食结构是影响慢性非传染性疾病的重要危险因素之一。慢性肾脏病(CKD)是心血管疾病、住院及死亡事件的独立危险因素,发病率进行性增加。不同的膳食营养成分摄入及膳食模式对CKD产生不同程度的影响。多数研究表明,摄食较多的盐、动物性蛋白质、高能量但营养价值低的碳水化合物、饱和脂肪酸、含糖饮料等与CKD发生及进展风险增加相关,而植物性蛋白质、含较多谷物纤维的碳水化合物、多不饱和脂肪酸、膳食纤维、水果和蔬菜等与CKD发生及进展风险降低相关。此外,坚持得舒食、地中海饮食或素食与CKD发生及进展风险降低相关,而西方饮食和中国传统南方饮食模式与CKD发生及进展风险增加相关。因此,如何更好的选择膳食营养成分摄入及膳食模式,促进肾脏健康、预防CKD的发生及发展,有待进一步提高认识。

Dietary nutrition and chronic kidney disease

Dietary structure is one of the most important risk factors affecting chronic non-communicable diseases. Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,hospitalization and death,with a progressive increase in its incidence. Intake different dietary nutrients and dietary patterns have different effects on CKD. Most of the studies shown that intakes more salt,animal protein,energy-dense but nutrient-poor sources of carbohydrate,saturated fatty acids,sugary beverages were associated with higher risk incidence and progress of CKD,while plant protein,rich in cereal fiber sources of carbohydrate,polyunsaturated fatty acids,dietary fiber,fruits and vegetables were inversely associated with the incidence and progression of CKD. In addition,adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH) diet,mediterranean diet and vegetarian diet were inversely associated with the incidence and progression of CKD,while adherence to western diet and the traditional southern dietary pattern in China were associated with higher risk incidence and progress of CKD. Therefore,it needs further understanding and improvement to better select dietary nutrients intake and dietary patterns so that promoting kidney health and preventing CKD.