上海市7～22岁学生视力状况及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市7～22岁学生视力现状及其可能影响因素,为近视预防措施的制定提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对上海市15 959名7～22岁学生进行体质健康测试和问卷调查。结果上海市7～22岁学生视力不良检出率为70.2%,女生高于男生,市区学生高于郊区学生,小学、初中、高中依次递增,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。随着睡眠时间、体育活动时间的增加,学生视力不良检出率呈下降趋势;随着课业负担和近距离用眼时间的增加,学生视力不良检出率呈上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,每天睡眠时间达到8 h(OR=0.796),每周有3节体育课(OR=1.219)是学生视力不良的保护因素,每天做作业时间超过1 h(OR=1.483)是学生视力不良的危险因素。结论上海市学生视力不良检出率仍较高。应切实减轻学生课业负担,保证学生充足的睡眠时间和体育活动时间。

Status of myopia and risk factors among students aged 7-22 in Shanghai

Objective To study the prevalence of myopia and its potential influential factors in students aged 7 to 22 years old of Shanghai.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method,15 959 students aged 7 to 22 years old participated in physical fitness tests and filled in the questionnaire.Results The prevalence rate of myopia of Shanghai was 70.2%.Girl’s was higher than boy’s,urban students was higher than rural ones,the rate of myopia from pupil to middle high school was increasing gradually.With the sleeping time and physical activity increased,the rate of myopia descended.With the time of doing homework and using eyes in short distance increased,the rate of myopia increased.Logistic regression analysis indicated that sleeping time more than 8 hours(OR=0.796),having physical education lesson more than 3 times a week(OR=1.219)were the protective factors.Doing homework more than 1 hour a day(OR=1.483)was the risk factor.Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia among students in Shanghai was still very high.Learning burden should be lessened for them to ensure sleeping time and physical activity time.