父母教养方式与中学生人格特点的关系

目的探索张家港市中学生父母教养方式现状、影响因素及其与学生人格间的相关关系,为改善父母教养方式,提高学生心理健康水平提供可参考的依据。方法随机选取张家港市2所重点中学8个班(每校4班)的285名高一学生作为研究对象,进行艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及一般资料调查表的问卷调查。结果张家港市中学生父母教养方式中,父亲的惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认和母亲的过度干涉保护、拒绝否认和惩罚严厉等教养方式的水平明显高于全国常模(P<0.01),而父亲的过度干涉和过度保护水平低于全国常模(P<0.01)。父母的情感温暖理解与子女的情绪稳定性呈正相关,过度干涉、拒绝否认和惩罚严厉与子女的情绪稳定性呈负相关;父亲的拒绝否认、母亲的过度保护与子女的精神质以及母亲的过度保护、拒绝否认与子女的性格外向性均存在相关关系。结论父母的教养方式与其子女的情绪稳定性和精神质等人格特点紧密相关,改善教养方式需要得到家长、学校和社会的共同关注和努力。

Relationship between parenting style and personality characteristics among high school students

Objective To investigate the current condition of parenting style and its relationship with the personality characteristics among the middle school students in Zhangjiagang City,so as to provide the information relevant for improving the parents’ parenting styles and enhance the mental health level of the students.Methods A total of 285 students who came from 8 classes of 2 key high schools were selected with the cluster sampling method and investigated with a questionnaire survey that consisted of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),the Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU) scale and a general information research table.Results The levels of paternal punishment,preference,rejection and maternal overprotection,rejection,and punishment of the middle school students in Zhangjiagang City were significantly higher than those of the national norm,while the levels of paternal over-interference and overprotection were lower.The parental emotional concern was positively correlated with the students’ emotional stability,while over-interference,rejection,and punishment were opposite.There was a positive correlation of the paternal rejection,and maternal overprotection with the students’ psychoticism and negative correlation of maternal overprotection,and rejection with the extraversion of the students’ characters.Conclusions The parenting style is closely related to the students’ emotional stability and psychoticism.The improvement of the parenting style needs the combined efforts of family,school and society.