石河子大学少数民族医学生膳食和营养状况

目的 通过对石河子大学医学院少数民族学生进行体格检查和膳食营养状况调查,为少数民族大学生膳食营养指导提供依据.方法 采用24 h回顾法与称重法进行膳食调查,了解少数民族大学生膳食结构、能量及各营养素摄入状况;通过测量身高、体重和腰围,了解其生长发育状况.结果 少数民族大学生膳食构成以粮谷类为主,动物性食物摄入量略低于正常,蔬菜、水果摄入量严重不足,维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、维生素C和钙严重缺乏.蛋白质、铁平均摄入量能达到推荐摄入量,但优质蛋白质仅占蛋白质总摄入量的22.19％,血红素铁摄入量仅占铁总摄入量的4.69％.能量摄入男女生均不足.男、女生消瘦人数分别占男、女生总人数的10.42％和22.12％,腹型肥胖人数分别占男、女生总人数的20.83％和1.77％.结论 少数民族大学生膳食结构、饮食习惯不合理,能量及大部分营养素摄入不足,男、女生均存在一定程度营养不良,应加强对少数民族大学生的营养知识教育,提高膳食营养质量,改善身体健康状况.

Dietary survey and assessment among ethnic minority students in Shihezi University

Objective To know about nutrient status of minority students of medical college,Shihezi University,by physical examination and nutrition survey for providing dietary and nutrition instructions.Methods 24 hours recall method,combined with weight method,was carried out to know about dietary structure,energy and other nutrients intake level of minority students.Growth and development was learned by measuring the results above mentioned.Results Diets consumption of minority students of medical college was mainly cereals.The average daily intake of bean and their products can reach the recommended nutrient intake.The daily intake of vegetables,fruit,fish and shrimp was serious lack.The average daily energy intake was deficient,the average intake of protein and iron can achieve recommended,but high quality protein was only 22.19% of total intake.The average intake of iron can achieve recommended intake but heme iron was only 4.69% of total intake.Intakes of other nutrients were deficient,especially vitamin A,B1,B2,C,folic acid and calcium.The proportion of emaciation was 10.42% and 22.12% for boys and girls respectively.And abdominal obesity of boys and girls accounted for 20.83%,1.77% of male and female students respectively.Conclusion Dietary structure and habits are unreasonable;energy and most nutrient intake are deficient;certain degree malnutrition exists in both boys and girls.