上海市学龄前儿童气质特征分析

目的了解上海市学龄前儿童的气质特征,为学龄前儿童的科学教育提供依据。方法采用《3～7岁儿童气质量表》家长评定问卷,对整群抽取的上海市4个城区10所幼儿园的1 082名学龄前儿童进行调查。结果学龄前儿童的气质类型分布为易养型9.6%,中间型70.1%,启动缓慢型10.1%,难养型10.3%。气质类型分布无性别和年龄差异。在活动水平和反应阈2个维度,男童得分高于女童(P值均<0.01);而在心境和注意分散度2个维度,女童得分高于男童(P值均<0.01);不同年龄组男童在趋避性、适应性、反应强度和反应阈等维度的得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);女童不同年龄组在活动水平、趋避性和反应强度等维度的得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。与北京1995年常模组相比,上海2011年各年龄组同性别儿童的节律性和心境得分均较高。结论学龄前儿童的气质类型分布以中间型最多,部分气质维度具有年龄差异和性别差异。

Analysis of preschool children temperament characteristics in Shanghai

Objective To understand the characteristic of temperament of preschool children in shanghai city and then to provide the basis for the scientific education of preschool children.Methods The parents of the 1 082 preschoolers were surveyed with New York Longitudinal Study Preschool-children Temperament Scale.Results The major was the medium type in the preschool children’s temperament style distribution.The proportion of the other three types was similar.There were no gender and age differences in the temperament style distribution.In the nine temperament dimensions,the scores of boys’ activity level and the response threshold were higher than girls,but the scores of the mood and the attention dispersion were lower than girls(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the dimensionality scores of approach/withdrawal,adaptability,response intensity and response threshold among boys in different age groups(P<0.05).For girls,there were statistically significant differences in the dimensionality scores of activity level,approach/withdrawal and response intensity in different age groups(P<0.05).The scores of the Shanghai sample group’ rhythmic and mood quality in 2011 were higher than the Beijing normal group in 1995 among the same sex children of three age groups.Conclusion The major was the medium type in the preschool children’s temperament style distribution.There are age and gender differences in the partial temperament dimensions.