广西学校食物中毒事件动态分析和防控策略

目的 分析广西学校集体性食物中毒的动态流行病学趋势和特征,探讨防控学校食物中毒的对策和措施.方法 根据2000-2010年广西各级疾病预防控制机构通过网络直报系统上报资料,对10 a来学校食物中毒的发生数、中毒人数、死亡人数三间分布特点以及原因进行分析.结果 2000- 2010年广西各类学校发生食物中毒160起,中毒人数5 198人,死亡5人,分别占全广西总起数、总中毒人数和总死亡人数的15.9％,26.7％和2.1％.10 a来中毒起数和发病人数报告总体呈下降趋势,2003年为中毒高峰.食物中毒在各学段均有发生,以中小学为主,分别占总中毒起数和发病人数的76.3％和77.2％.中毒高峰为每年的9月份.主要分布在县乡(镇)及农村的中小学校.中毒食品以不明食品、谷及谷制品、果蔬类为主；致病因素以微生物和不明原因为主；原料污染或变质、不明原因、加工不当是主要中毒原因.农药及化学物是致死的主要原因.结论 中小学尤其是县乡(镇)、农村中小学校是食品安全监督管理的重点.各有关部门齐抓共管,根据学校食物中毒的特点对学校食品卫生开展经常性督导检查,开展学校师生的食品安全宣传教育,可有效减少学校食物中毒的发生.

Dynamic analysis and control strategies of food poisoning outbreaks in schools of Guangxi,2000-2010

Objective To analyze dynamic epidemiologic trend and characteristics of food poisoning outbreaks affecting schools in Guangxi,and to explore control strategies and measures for food poisoning in schools.Methods Based on data reported via web-based reporting system by all levels of Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in Guangxi between 2000 and 2010,analysis has been performed on the number of outbreaks,cases and deaths,epidemiologic variables and causes of food poisoning in schools.Results A total of 160 food poisoning outbreaks were reported by schools between 2000 and 2010,resulting in 5 198 cases and 5 deaths,which accounted for 15.9%,26.7% and 2.1% of total numbers of outbreaks,cases and deaths of Guangxi,respectively.Decrease in numbers of outbreaks and cases were observed in the past decades,with a peak of occurrence in the year of 2003.Food poisoning was reported by all sorts of schools,yet the majority was found in primary and secondary schools,of which the numbers of outbreaks and cases accounted for 76.3% and 77.2% of the total numbers,respectively.The incidence peaks were found in March,June and September.The outbreaks were mainly reported in primary schools and secondary schools located in underdeveloped counties or townships with poor sanitation and infrastructure and rural areas,of which the numbers of outbreaks and cases accounted for 72.5% and 68.0% of total numbers,respectively.The categories of foods which the poisoning attributed to were mainly unknown foods,grain and grain products,fruits and vegetables.The main causes were toxic animal meats,toxic vegetables and microbes.And contamination or spoilage of raw materials,unknown reason and improperly treatment of foods were believed high risk factors.Conclusion Primary schools and secondary schools,especially those located in counties(townships) and rural areas should become the priority for food safety supervision and management,which will be multi-sector actions.In order to evidently reduce the occurrence of food poisoning,it is needed to conduct regular supervision and health education of food safety in schools in high-occurrence season.