Immunomodulatory activity of Asparagus racemosus on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity: Implications for immunoadjuvant potential |
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Authors: | Manish Gautam Santanu Saha Sarang Bani A Kaul Sanjay Mishra Dada Patil NK Satti KA Suri Sunil Gairola K Suresh Suresh Jadhav GN Qazi Bhushan Patwardhan |
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Institution: | 1. Bioprospecting Laboratory, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India;2. Cell Biology and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu Tawi 180001, India;3. Natural Product Chemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India;4. Serum Institute of India, 212/2 Hadapsar, Pune 411028, Maharashtra, India |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceRoots of Asparagus racemosus Willd (Shatavari in vernacular) are widely used in Ayurveda as Rasayana for immunostimulation, galactogogue as also in treatment of conditions like ulcers and cancer. Various studies have indicated immunomodulatory properties of Shatavari root extracts and formulations.Aim of the studyTo study the effect of standardized Asparagus racemosus root aqueous extract (ARE) on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity of SRBC sensitized animals.Materials and methodsWe used HPTLC to quantify steroidal saponins (Shatavarin IV, Immunoside®) and flow cytometry to study effects of ARE on Th1/Th2 immunity. SRBC specific antibody titres and DTH responses were also monitored as markers of Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. We also studied lymphocyte proliferation. Cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide and levamisole were used as controls.ResultsTreatment with ARE (100 mg/(kg b.w. p.o.)) resulted in significant increase of CD3+ and CD4/CD8+ percentages suggesting its effect on T cell activation. ARE treated animals showed significant up-regulation of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines suggesting its mixed Th1/Th2 adjuvant activity. Consistent to this, ARE also showed higher antibody titres and DTH responses. ARE, in combination with LPS, Con A or SRBC, produced a significant proliferation suggesting effect on activated lymphocytes.ConclusionThe study suggests mixed Th1/Th2 activity of ARE supports its immunoadjuvant potential. |
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Keywords: | AR Asparagus racemosus ARE standardized aqueous of Asparagus racemosus roots CD cluster of differentiation CP cyclophosphamide CPCSEA committee for the purpose of control and supervision on experiments on animals Cyc cyclosporin DTH delayed type hypersensitivity EtOAc ethyl acetate FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting MeOH methanol IFN interferon IL interleukin KTA kinetic turbimetric test LPS lipopolysaccarhide from Escherichia coli OECD organization for economic co-operation and development RPMI Roswell Park Memorial Institute SRBC sheep red blood cells WHO World Health Organization |
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