Extract of the Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao LingDan inhibited adjuvant arthritis in rats |
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Authors: | Rui-Xin Zhang Arthur Yin Fan An-Nan Zhou Kamal D. Moudgil Zhong-Ze Ma David Yue-Wei Lee Harry H.S. Fong Brian M. Berman Lixing Lao |
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Affiliation: | 1. Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 3rd Floor, James Kernan Hospital Man., 2200 Kernan Drive, Baltimore, MD 21207, USA;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;3. McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA;4. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXL) and its modifications have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about one hundred years to alleviate pain and inflammation.AimTo investigate the effects of HLXL on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced multiple-joint arthritis in rats.Materials and methodsMale Lewis rats, 190–210 g, were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 200 μl of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil (5 mg/ml). HLXL (2.30 and 4.60 g/kg) or vehicle control (n = 8 per group) was administered orally (i.g.) once a day between days 16 and 25 post-CFA injection. The rats were observed for signs of arthritis with arthritic changes (erythema, edema, induration) being scored on a scale of 0–4 of increasing severity using a standard scoring system. The maximum arthritis score per rat was 16. A plethysmometer was used to measure edema volume in each paw. Adverse effects of HLXL were monitored by closely observing the animals for unusual behavioral changes. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in local tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 25 post-CFA.ResultsHLXL significantly decreased arthritis scores between days 23–25 in the 2.30 g/kg group and 21–25 in the 4.60 g/kg group (p < 0.05). It reduced paw edema on days 22 and 24 in the 2.30 g/kg group and on days 20, 22 and 24 in the 4.60 g/kg group compared to control (p < 0.05). Local tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels on day 25 post-CFA injection were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rats treated with HLXL than in control rats. No observable adverse effects were found.ConclusionThe data suggest that HLXL produces significant anti-arthritic effects that may be mediated by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it appears to be safe. |
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Keywords: | Arthritis Chinese herbs IL-1β TNF-α Rats |
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