社区老年人运动水平和自测健康状况的相关性研究

目的 调查长沙市社区老年人体育运动项目和运动水平情况,探讨社区老年人体育运动水平和自测健康状况的关系.方法 采取两阶段整群抽样及单纯随机抽样的方法,在长沙市社区中随机抽取符合调查要求的60岁及以上的老年人320人进行横断面调查.调查问卷由一般资料、体育运动水平问卷(PALQ)和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)构成.结果 242例老年人最喜爱的前十个运动项目依次是:散步、爬楼梯、步行、健身操、跳舞、太极拳(剑)、骑车、羽毛球、爬山、园艺和乒乓球.不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、经济状况和婚姻状况的老年人之间,体育运动水平均存在差异(P＜0.05).不同业余体育运动水平(LPAL)的老年人自测生理、心理、社会健康以及自测总体健康得分,经检验差异均具有显著性(P＜0.01).除心理症状与负性情绪、社会支持维度外,LPAL与SRHMS其余各维度、三个子量表及自测总体健康得分均存在正相关(P＜0.05).结论 老年人喜爱的体育运动,大多为运动量不大、运动方式自由、无技术要求的大众体育项目,大部分老年人目前的体育运动量能维持较好的生理和心理健康水平,基本上能够满足健康的需求.老年人自测生理、心理和社会健康状况与体育运动水平存在显著的正向相关关系.

Study on relationship between physical activity level and self-rated health among the elderly in the community

【Objective】 To investigate the physical activity level and to analyze quantitative relationship between physical activity level and self-rated health among the elderly in Changsha City.【Methods】 A cross-sectional survey was carried out among a two-stage cluster and simple random sample of 320 elderly in communities of Changsha city.A confidential questionnaire was completed by the participants.The questionnaire consisted of three sections: information about participant’s demographic information,self-rated Health Measurement Scale,Leisure Time Physical Activity Level Questionnaire(LPALQ).【Result】 The ten most favorable physical activities were as following: promenade,climbing stairs,walking(for shopping or to the park),body mechanics and dancing,shadowboxing,cycling,badminton,mountain climbing,gardening,Ping-Pong.There was a significant difference between different groups of elderly people divided by gender,or age,or education level,or income,or marital status(P <0.05) in the score of LPALQ.There was a statistically significant difference between different physical activity level groups in the score of self-rated physiological health,self-rated psychological health,and self-rated social health(P <0.01).【Conclusion】 Elderly people prefer lower intensity physical activities which can be done easily and flexibly.Physical activity level is significantly associated with self-rated physiological health,psychological health,and social health among the elderly.