Histochemical changes in protein disulphide bonds in rat liver and kidney after chronic cadmium administration,and the possible relation to metallothionein

After chronic exposure to low doses of CdCl₂ an increase in disulphide bonds has been established in rat liver using a specific staining method for disulphide bonds and cytophotometric quantitation. This increase is dependent on doses and length of exposure time. Evidence is presented that this increase might be related to the accumulation of metallothionein or some other cadmium binding protein. Using the same staining method after long exposure to low doses of CdCl₂ a large number of large dark blue stained granules were observed in the proximal tubule cells, with blue stained deposits in the lumen of the proximal and some renal medulla tubules of the kidney.Evidence is presented that this staining pattern corresponds to the destruction of the proximal tubule cell by the cadmium thionein complex.