农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策实施现状调查

调查订单定向医学生的招生情况、培养模式和职业生涯规划,分析农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策的实施过程,为农村基层卫生人才建设提供可行性策略和路径。方法:采用问卷调查和定性研究方法,在江西、青海和广西三个省份抽取四所承担国家订单定向医学生培养项目的院校,对2015年应届医学毕业生308人进行问卷调查、深入访谈和专题小组讨论。结果:调查对象中,1~15岁主要生活地在农村的有223人(72.9%),家庭年收入平均为2.82万元;选择订单定向政策的主要原因是毕业后有工作、高考分数限制和免学费;各地区政策实施过程中的合同签署和工作安排方面存在很大差异;收入和工作环境是影响毕业生就业意向的主要因素。结论:订单定向政策能够有效解决农村基层卫生人才缺乏问题;尽快完善保障订单定向政策顺利实施的相关政策;提高基层岗位收入和改善工作环境能够留住人才。

Policy implementation of targeted admission medical education program in rural areas

This study aims to investigate the current situation of the enrollment, training model and career planning of medical students in the targeted admission program. After analyzing the implementation process of this targeted admission policy in medical education, we raised some feasible strategies to increase the attraction and retention of health professionals in rural China. The study covered 4 medical universities in central and western China. A cohort of 308 medical graduates from this targeted admission program were recruited in June 2015. A baseline survey, including questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and the focus group discussions, were conducted right before their graduation. The first follow-up online survey was done 6 months after their graduation. he findings of this investigation show that 72.9% of the investigated students in the program used to live in rural areas before 15 years old. The average annual household income was 28,200 Yuan. The top three reasons of choosing this program were guaranteed job after graduation, low performance in the college entrance examination, and wavier of tuition fee. There were significant differences of implementation of this policy between different provinces, especially the contract-signing and job deployment. Income and working environment were the main influencing factors of the medical graduates'' job-seeking intention. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the targeted admission program is rather successful in attracting medical graduates for rural health services. However, extra efforts are needed to improve the implementation of the policy and to retain the medical graduates in rural area.