Pathophysiology of congestive heart failure |
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Authors: | S M Wright |
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Abstract: | Although the mortality rate for cardiovascular disease is declining, the incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) is escalating. This article reviews normal cardiovascular physiology and cellular anatomy; defines CHF; explores the etiologies, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of CHF; and briefly discusses diagnostic modalities and prognostic indices. |
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