杭州市拱墅区老年人口腔健康行为现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解杭州市拱墅区老年人口腔健康行为现状并分析其影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,于2013年在杭州市拱墅区确定600名研究对象,对其利用自制口腔健康知识行为问卷进行现场问卷调查,内容包括人口学特征、口腔健康知识和口腔健康行为3部分.应用单因素、多因素分析法对调查对象的口腔健康行为状况及影响因素进行分析.结果 共发放问卷600份,收回问卷596份,回收率为99.3％.剔除无效应答问卷后,合格问卷为561份,有效率为94.1％.口腔卫生合格率为50.4％,不同年龄、文化程度、医保情况、口腔卫生状况的老年人口腔健康行为合格率差异均有统计学意义（x2=10.79、21.32、5.72、16.33,P＜0.05）.多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度越高越有利于促进老年人的口腔健康行为,文化程度是初中及以上的老年人口腔健康行为合格情况是文盲老年人的2.69倍（x2=10.53,P=0.001）.结论 杭州市拱墅区老年人口腔健康知识知晓率较高,口腔健康行为形成率尚可,但口腔卫生良好率偏低;老年人的年龄、文化程度、医保情况和口腔卫生状况是其口腔健康行为合格率的影响因素.

Current status and influencing factors of oral health behavior among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of oral health knowledge and behavior among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 600 elderly individuals were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and interviewed with a self-designed questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and oral health knowledge and behavior. The status and influencing factors of oral health behavior were analyzed by single and muhiple- factor analysis methods. Results A questionnaire survey was conducted among 600 elderly residents, with a response rate of 99.3% （596/600） and an effective response rate of 94.1% （561/600）. The rate of good oral hygiene was 50.4%. Those elderly with different age, education level, medical insurance and oral hygiene showed significant difference in qualified rate of oral health behavior （X2 values were 10.79, 21.32, 5.72 and 16.33, respectively; all P〈0.05）. In Logistic regression model, education level was positively correlated with oral health behavior among the elderly, and the qualified rate of oral health behavior of the elderly with education level of junior school or above was 2.69 times higher than that of illiterate elderly （X2=10.53, P= 0.001）. Conclusion The awareness rate of oral health knowledge among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City is at a relatively higher level, though oral health behavior is moderate. Age, education level, medical insurance and oral hygiene could be impacting factors of oral health behavior.