山东省某地儿童b型流行性感冒嗜血杆菌疫苗接种现状及其影响因素

目的了解儿童b型流行性感冒（流感）嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus InfluenzaeTYpe b，Hib）疫苗接种现状，探讨其影响因素，为制定Hib疫苗免疫策略提供基线资料。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样法（Probability Proportional to Size，PPS），在山东省某地随机抽取30个预防接种单位，每个预防接种单位调查10名儿童家长。采用自编结构式问卷，调查儿童和家长的一般情况，以及儿童家长对Hib疾病和疫苗的知识、态度和行为。结果64．05％（196/306）儿童接种过Hib疫苗。儿童家长对Hib疾病和疫苗的基本知识回答正确率均〈50％。“接种Hib疫苗容易引发不良反应”比值比（OddsRatio，OR）=0．57，95％可信区间（ConfidenceInterval，CI）：0．32～1．03]、“特别反对接种Hib疫苗”（OR=0．41，95％CI：0．17～0．97）、“医生说自己孩子有必要接种Hib疫苗”（OR=4．44，95％CI：1．59～12．37）与儿童接种Hib疫苗相关性有统计学有意义。结论有必要针对儿童家长开展H1b疫苗预防接种知识的健康促进和健康教育，提高公众对Hib疾病和疫苗知识的知晓率和主动接受预防接种服务的意识。

Study on the Status and Factors of Haemophilus lnfluenzae Type b Vaccination in One Cityof Shandong Province

Objective To present the status and influencing factors of Haemophilus influenzae type b （Hib）vaccination among the children in order to provide scientific basis for making immunization strategies of prevention and control Hib. Methods 30 vaccination sites were selected randomly in one city of Shandong province by probability proportional to size （PPS）, and 10 parents were surveyed in each site. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to Hib vaccination were surveyed by the self-designed constructive questionnaire. Results 64.05% （196/306） of the children administered Hib vaccine. The correct answer rates of basic knowledge of Hib disease and vaccine were 〈50% respectively. There were statistical correlations between Hib vaccination and the correct answer to the questions of ＂more side effects after getting Hib vaccine＂-（odds ratio, 0R）=0.57, 95% （confidence interval, CI） ： 0.32-1.037,＂reject to the Hib vaceine＂（OR=0.41, 95%CI ：0.17-0.97）,＂doctors said it is necessary to get Hib vaccine＂（OR=4.44, 95%CI ： 1.59-12.37）. Conclusion It is necessary to carry out health promotion and health education to the parents on the knowledge of Hib vaccination in order to raise public awareness of Hib disease and vaccination and to accept the vaccination services actively.