Cardioprotection requires taking out the trash |
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Authors: | Roberta A Gottlieb Kim D Finley Jr" target="_blank">Robert M MentzerJr |
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Institution: | (1) The BioScience Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA;(2) School of Medicine, WSU Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield 1241 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA |
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Abstract: | Autophagy is a critical cellular housekeeping process that is essential for removal of damaged or unwanted organelles and
protein aggregates. Under conditions of starvation, it is also a mechanism to break down proteins to generate amino acids
for synthesis of new and more urgently needed proteins. In the heart, autophagy is upregulated by starvation, reactive oxygen
species, hypoxia, exercise, and ischemic preconditioning, the latter a well-known potent cardioprotective phenomenon. The
observation that upregulation of autophagy confers protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibition of autophagy
is associated with a loss of cardioprotection conferred by pharmacological conditioning suggests that the pathway plays a
key role in enhancing the heart’s tolerance to ischemia. While many of the antecedent signaling pathways of preconditioning
are well-defined, the mechanisms by which preconditioning and autophagy converge to protect the heart are unknown. In this
review we discuss mechanisms that potentially underlie the linkage between cardioprotection and autophagy in the heart. |
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Keywords: | Autophagy Mitochondria Homeostasis Lysosomes Preconditioning Cardioprotection |
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