大学生健康教育相关知识需求调查分析

目的了解大学生对健康教育相关知识的需求状况，为有针对性安排健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计问卷，采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取某高校500名大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生对健康教育相关知识的需求排名前5位的是“吸烟的危害”、“合理膳食与健康”、“健康生活方式”、“急症自救与互救”和“心理健康”，需求率依次为52．00％，47．00％，46．60％，42．20％和27．80％。男生对“吸烟的危害”、“合理膳食与健康”、“心理健康”和“性与生殖健康”的需求率高于女生，而女生对“急症自救与互救”的需求高于男生，二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；文科生对“急症自救与互救”、“传染病预防”的需求高于理科生，而理科生对“吸烟的危害”、“合理膳食与健康”和“性与生殖健康”的需求高于文科生，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。不同年级大学生对“环境与健康”、“口腔卫生”、“健康生活方式”、“用药安全知识”、“性与生殖健康”的需求差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论大学生最想了解的健康知识是“吸烟的危害”、“合理膳食与健康”、“健康生活方式”、“急症自救与互救”和“心理健康”，并且存在性别、专业和年级差异。因此，应根据不同情况有重点、有计划地安排健康教育内容，提高大学生的健康素养。

A Survey and Analysis of the Needs for Knowledge in the Health Education of College Students

Objective To know the needs for knowledge in the health education of college students, and to pro- vide basis for arranging pertinent health education accordingly. Method To adopt self-designed questionnaire and conduct the survey by selecting 500 college students from certain college and by means of random sampling from whole groups of students. Results The top five items in the ranking of needs for knowledge in health ed- ucation of the surveyed college students are： harm in smoking, proper food and health, healthy lifestyle, emergency self-aid and mutual aid, and mental health with respective percentage of 52.00%, 47.00%, 46.60%, 42.20% and 27.80%. Male students had higher needs than female students for knowledge in harm in smoking, proper food and health, mental health and sex and reproductive health, while the female students had higher needs for knowledge in emergency self-aid and mutual aid, and the differences were statistically sig- nificant （P〈0.05）. Students of liberal science divisions had higher needs for knowledge in emergency self-aid and mutual aid and prevention of infectious diseases than students of natural science divisions, while the latter had higher needs than the former for knowledge in harm in smoking, proper food and health, and sex and re- productive health with the differences all having statistical significance （P〈0.01）. Students of different grades differed in their needs for knowledge in environment and health, oral hygiene, healthy lifestyle, medicine safe- ty, sex and reproductive health, and the differences were also statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The health-related knowledge most desired by the college students are in harm in smoking, proper food and health, healthy lifestyle, emergency self aid and mutual aid, and mental health, and differences in their needs for such knowledge exist by different genders, academic majors and grades. Therefore, the health education ought to be arranged in a well-planned manner with concerns for priorities according to different circumstances to lift college students＇ health literacy.