山西省公众应对突发公共卫生事件的应急准备与知识技能干预效果分析

摘要：目的　评价山西省公众应对突发公共卫生事件的应急准备与相关知识技能的干预效果。方法　采取
多阶段随机抽样的方法，于２００８年９月和２００９年１０月分别对２０００名和１２００名山西省常住居民进行干预
前后问卷调查，期间对干预地区进行一年的健康教育干预；数据统计方法主要有描述性分析、χ
２ 检验、ｌｏ
ｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析等，犘＜０．０５为差异有统计学意义。结果　干预前仅有２．２０％ 和２．８１％ 的调查对象家里有
逃生包和灭火器，干预后干预组中该比例分别为２０．３３％和９．５０％ （均犘＜０．０１）；地震、洪水和火灾的自
救互救知识技能知晓率，干预前分别为３０．０１％、１６．５８％和３０．０６％，干预组分别为８９．１７％、７５．６７％ 和
８５．３３％ （均犘＜０．０１）；呼吸道和消化道传染病预防方法知晓率，干预前分别为７９．８１％和７３．１０％，干预
组分别为９８．５０％和９５．００％ （均犘＜０．０１）；干预前知道食物中毒处理方法的调查对象占４０．１８％ ，干预
后干预组中该比例为９３．３３％ （犘＜０．０１）。结论　经过一年的健康教育综合干预，调查对象应对突发事件
的家庭应急准备认知和行为有所提高，应对突发公共卫生事件的知识技能水平也明显上升，表明本研究中
采取的干预措施成效显著。
关键词：突发公共卫生事件；健康教育与健康促进；应急准备；知识技能；干预效果
中图分类号：Ｒ１９３　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０１ ００２８ ０５

Effect of education intervention on emergency preparedness and response for public health crisis among residents in Shanxi

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention on emergency preparedness and re sponse for public health crisis among residents in Shanxi. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method was applied to randomly recruit 2000 and 1200 residents in 2008 and 2009 in Shanxi, and a questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the intervention. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The percentages of residents who claimed having escape package and fire extin guisher at home increased from 2.20% and 2.81% to 20.33% and 9.50% after the intervention （P〈0.001） Meanwhile, the awareness rates of knowledge and skills for self and mutual rescue in earthquake, flood and fire were significantly higher after the intervention compared to pre intervention （89.17 % us 30.01% , 175.67% vs 6.58% and 85.33% vs 30.06%） （P（0. 001） . Also, the awareness rates of knowledge for re spiratory and gastrointestinal infectious disease prevention elevated greatly from 79.81% and 73.10% to 98.50%% and 95.00% due to the intervention （P〈0. 001） . Before the intervention, only 40.18% residents surveyed knew how to handle the situation of food poisoning, while after the intervention, this number in creased to 93.33% （P〈0. 001） . Conclusion After a year long comprehensive health education intervention, more residents in Shanxi know how to prepare and response public health emergency, indicating that the inter vention method works very well for improving the public awareness toward health emergencies.