汕头市售海鱼异尖线虫幼虫卫生危害探析

摘要：目的　了解汕头市售海鱼异尖线虫幼虫（ａｎｉｓａｋｉｓｌａｒｖａ） 感染情况,探析本地区海鱼异尖线虫幼虫
卫生危害。方法　随机采集市售海鱼,当日解剖鱼体,解剖镜下查找、分离海鱼内脏及肌肉内异尖线虫幼
虫,利用光学显微镜鉴定虫种。用Ｅｘｃｅｌ软件录入样品信息和检测结果,用ＳＰＳＳ１３．０软件进行χ
２ 检验,
犘＜０．０５为差异有统计学意义。结果　２０１３年２～１０月共解剖海鱼５７种３２６尾,异尖线虫幼虫海鱼鱼种感
染率为７３．６８％ （４２／５７）,低于全国８５．３１％ （１５１／１７７）的鱼种感染率（χ
２＝４．０３,犘＜０．０５）;海鱼感染
率为５２．４５％ （１７１／３２６）,与全国４７．１０％ （１８６１／３９５１）的感染率相近（χ
２＝３．４６,犘＞０．０５）;平均感染
强度为１２．７５条／尾（２１８１／１７１）,幼虫活虫率为８６．２４％ （１８８１／２１８１）。花腹鲭、蓝圆!、日本竹荚鱼、
眼镜鱼、深水金线鱼等１９ 种海鱼异尖线虫幼虫感染率为１００％, 其次是鲐鱼９０．００％、四线列牙"
７７．２７％、短尾大眼鲷７５．００％、日本锯大眼鲷７５．００％,感染率较低的有孟加拉笛鲷９．０９％、勒氏笛鲷
１４．２９％、红鳍笛鲷２０．００％和?２０．００％,澳洲棘鲷、长鳓、刺鲳、金钱鱼等１５种海鱼尚未检测出异尖线
虫幼虫。异尖线虫幼虫感染强度较高的有金带拟羊鱼（６３．７ 条／尾）、大头狗母鱼（５２．３ 条／尾）、白姑鱼
（３５．８条／尾）、长条蛇鲻（３２．０条／尾）、日本竹荚鱼（２７．６条／尾）、蓝圆! （２６．８条／尾）,感染强度较低
的有?、勒氏笛鲷、孟加拉笛鲷、白方头鱼和花尾胡椒鲷,均小于１条／尾。肝脏、生殖器、肠系膜等脏器
不同程度感染异尖线虫幼虫,但肌肉中尚未检测出该幼虫。结论　多种市售海鱼感染异尖线虫幼虫,且虫
体存活率高,生食或半生食海鱼及其制品有感染异尖线虫幼虫的风险。探索适合本地区海鱼加工、处理工
艺以及异尖线虫幼虫卫生危害识别势在必行。
关键词：海鱼;异尖线虫;卫生危害
中图分类号：Ｒ３８３．１　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０４ ０３４０ ０６

Epidemiological features of Anisakis larva in marine fish on Shantou markets

Objective To understand the current infection status of Anisakis larva in marine fish on Shantou markets,and to explore their health hazard. Methods Marine fish were collected randomly from markets and dissected in the same day.The Anisakis larva were identified and separated from the viscera and muscle under anatomical lens and were further classified under optical microscope.Chi-square test was used for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 326fish from 57species were collected and studied during Feb.to Sep.2013with the overall larva positive rate of 52.45%（171/326）,which was close to the national positive rate of 47.10%（χ2=3.46,P＆gt;0.05）.Out of 57fish species,42were found positive with the positive rate of 73.68%,which was lower than the national average rate of 86.46%（χ2=4.03,P＆lt;0.05）.The average number of larva in each fish was 12.8（2181/171）with the viability of 86.24%（1881/2181）.The highest infection rate of 100.00% was found in 19fish species,including Scomber australasicus,Decapterus maruadsi,Trachurus japonicus,Mene maculate and Nemipterus bathybius,followed by 90%in Pneumatophorus japonicus,77.27%in Pelates quadrilineatus,75%in both Priacanthus macracanthus and Pristigenys niphonia.The infection rates were low in Lutjanus argentimaculatus（9.09%）,Lutjanus russellii（14.29%）,Lutjanus erythropterus（20%）,Scomberomorus commerson（20%）,and no larvae was found in 15fish species as Acanthopagrus australis,llisha elongate,Psenopsis anomala,and Scatophagus argus.The highest number of larva was found in Mulloidichthys vanicolensis（63.7per fish）,followed by that in Trachinocephalus myops（52.3per fish）,Argyrosomus argentatus（35.8per fish）,Saurida filamentosa（32per fish）,Trachurus japonicus（27.6per fish）and Decapterus maruadsi（26.8per fish）.Only one larva was found in each fish of Scomberomorus commerson,Lutjanus russellii,Lutjanus argentimaculatus,Branchiostegus albus and Plectorhinchus cinctus.Majority of Anisakis larva were found in liver,